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Hydroelectric power plants use flowing water to spin turbines that generate electricity. This method is clean since the water cycle is a natural, renewable, and non-polluting energy source.

CSP systems use mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight onto a small receiving area, usually to heat a fluid, creating steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. It's clean as it utilizes sunlight without pollutants.

Biomass energy is produced by burning organic materials. When managed sustainably, it can be considered clean due to the carbon neutral cycle, as plants absorb CO2 during growth which offsets emissions from burning.

Solar roads are made of durable solar cells that can withstand the weight of traffic and generate electricity. These provide clean energy while being a part of infrastructure with no additional land required.

Algae biofuel is derived from algae that produce oils that can be converted into bio-diesel. It captures CO2 during growth, making it a clean energy source when produced and used sustainably.

Solar PV panels convert sunlight into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. It generates clean energy by directly converting solar radiation into electricity without any harmful emissions.

Floating solar farms are PV systems placed on bodies of water. They produce clean energy like traditional solar panels and prevent water loss through evaporation while not taking up valuable land.

Geothermal energy systems generate electricity from the Earth's internal heat. This is considered clean as it utilizes heat from the Earth, which does not deplete resources or produce emissions critically.

Hydrogen fuel cells create electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. This technology is environmentally friendly, as the only by-product is water, and if the hydrogen is sourced renewably, it's a clean process.

Tidal energy is generated by harnessing the power of tidal currents or the movement of water due to tides. It is clean energy as it uses the gravitational forces of celestial bodies without emissions.

Thermal depolymerization is a process that breaks down organic material into crude oil equivalents. As a clean technology, it can convert waste products into useful fuels with fewer pollutants.

OTEC generates electricity by exploiting the temperature difference between the ocean's warm surface water and the colder deep water. It is a clean, renewable source since it does not involve harmful emissions.

MSW incineration plants burn garbage to generate heat, which is then used to produce electricity. When equipped with proper emission controls, it can reduce waste volume and produce clean energy relative to landfilling.

Wave energy converters capture the energy of ocean surface waves to generate electricity. This clean power source does not release harmful emissions and is fueled by natural, renewable wave motion.

Wind turbines use the kinetic energy of wind to turn rotors that drive generators, producing electricity. This is a clean energy source as it does not produce greenhouse gases during operation.

Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter. It's a clean form of energy since it uses waste materials and the methane produced is burned for energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Piezoelectric materials generate electricity from mechanical stress. This clean energy technology can harness energy from activities like walking or driving over roads without producing pollution.

Nuclear fusion generates energy by fusing atomic nuclei. Although not yet commercially viable, it promises to be a clean energy source because it has the potential to produce vast amounts of energy with little radioactive waste and no CO2 emissions.

Landfill gas, comprised primarily of methane, is captured from landfills and used to generate electricity. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and harnesses energy from waste decomposition.