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Environmental Legislation and Policies

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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

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Also known as Superfund, it provides a federal 'Superfund' to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites. Impact: Cleanup of environmental and health hazards.

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Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

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Protects public drinking water supplies throughout the US. Impact: Ensures water quality and safety for human consumption.

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Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA)

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Regulates ocean dumping and provides for a research program on marine sanctuaries. Impact: Protection of marine ecosystems from pollution and unregulated dumping.

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National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

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Requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions. Impact: Informed decisions that consider environmental impacts, public involvement.

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Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

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Gives EPA the ability to track and regulate chemicals produced or imported into the US. Impact: Protects health and the environment by controlling the use of toxic chemicals.

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Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)

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Mandates that a certain volume of renewable fuel replaces or is added to conventional transportation fuels. Impact: Aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and expands the renewable fuels sector.

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The Montreal Protocol

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International treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Impact: Successful recovery of ozone layer anticipated.

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Energy Policy Act (EPAct)

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Addresses energy production in the United States, including energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fossil fuels. Impact: Provides tax incentives and loan guarantees for energy production of various types.

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Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

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Governs marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters. Impact: Aids in the recovery of overfished stocks, ensures sustainable fisheries and protection of fish habitats.

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Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)

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Promotes energy conservation and the use of renewable energy within the federal government. Impact: Reduction of federal energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and operational costs.

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Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)

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Aims to preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, restore or enhance the resources of the nation's coastal zone. Impact: Balancing economic development with environmental conservation in coastal areas.

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The Paris Agreement

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Global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C. Impact: Encourages transition to sustainable energy, aims for net zero emissions.

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WaterSense Program

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An EPA partnership program that seeks to protect the future of our nation's water supply by offering people a simple way to use less water. Impact: Promotes water efficiency and conservation through product labeling and incentives.

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Green Building Initiatives (Various)

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Programs and policies that promote sustainable design, construction, and operation of buildings. Impact: Reduction in energy and water consumption, improved air quality, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

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Clean Water Act (CWA)

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Regulates discharge of pollutants into US waters and sets water quality standards. Impact: Improves the quality of surface water, protects aquatic ecosystems.

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Energy Star Program

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A voluntary program to promote energy efficiency in products, homes, and buildings. Impact: Helps save money and protect the environment through superior energy efficiency.

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Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)

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Aims to improve vehicle fuel economy and increase production of renewable fuels. Impact: Reduction in dependence on foreign oil, decreased greenhouse gas emissions.

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Kyoto Protocol

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International treaty committing state parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Impact: Helps in global efforts to combat climate change, though effectiveness is debated.

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Wilderness Act

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Established the National Wilderness Preservation System and recognized wilderness as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man. Impact: Protects large areas of intact ecosystems and promotes conservation.

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Endangered Species Act (ESA)

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Protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats. Impact: Prevents extinction and promotes biodiversity conservation.

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Antarctic Conservation Act

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Provides for the conservation and protection of the fauna and flora of Antarctica and for the preservation of the natural ecological systems. Impact: Restrictions on human activity preserve biodiversity and scientific research value.

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Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

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Governs the disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Impact: Reduces or eliminates generation of hazardous waste, conserves energy and natural resources.

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Clean Air Act (CAA)

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Sets national air quality standards, regulates emissions, includes programs for prevention and control. Impact: Significant reduction in air pollution and improvement in public health.

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Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

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Regulates the distribution, sale, and use of pesticides. Impact: Protects consumers and the environment from potential harm caused by pesticides.

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Climate Stewardship Act

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Proposed to establish a market-driven system of greenhouse gas tradable allowances. Impact: Intended to incentivize reduction in greenhouse gas emissions among major emitters, but was not enacted.

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