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Environmental Legislation and Policies
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Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Also known as Superfund, it provides a federal 'Superfund' to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites. Impact: Cleanup of environmental and health hazards.
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
Protects public drinking water supplies throughout the US. Impact: Ensures water quality and safety for human consumption.
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA)
Regulates ocean dumping and provides for a research program on marine sanctuaries. Impact: Protection of marine ecosystems from pollution and unregulated dumping.
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions. Impact: Informed decisions that consider environmental impacts, public involvement.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
Gives EPA the ability to track and regulate chemicals produced or imported into the US. Impact: Protects health and the environment by controlling the use of toxic chemicals.
Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
Mandates that a certain volume of renewable fuel replaces or is added to conventional transportation fuels. Impact: Aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and expands the renewable fuels sector.
The Montreal Protocol
International treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Impact: Successful recovery of ozone layer anticipated.
Energy Policy Act (EPAct)
Addresses energy production in the United States, including energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fossil fuels. Impact: Provides tax incentives and loan guarantees for energy production of various types.
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
Governs marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters. Impact: Aids in the recovery of overfished stocks, ensures sustainable fisheries and protection of fish habitats.
Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)
Promotes energy conservation and the use of renewable energy within the federal government. Impact: Reduction of federal energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and operational costs.
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)
Aims to preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, restore or enhance the resources of the nation's coastal zone. Impact: Balancing economic development with environmental conservation in coastal areas.
The Paris Agreement
Global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C. Impact: Encourages transition to sustainable energy, aims for net zero emissions.
WaterSense Program
An EPA partnership program that seeks to protect the future of our nation's water supply by offering people a simple way to use less water. Impact: Promotes water efficiency and conservation through product labeling and incentives.
Green Building Initiatives (Various)
Programs and policies that promote sustainable design, construction, and operation of buildings. Impact: Reduction in energy and water consumption, improved air quality, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
Clean Water Act (CWA)
Regulates discharge of pollutants into US waters and sets water quality standards. Impact: Improves the quality of surface water, protects aquatic ecosystems.
Energy Star Program
A voluntary program to promote energy efficiency in products, homes, and buildings. Impact: Helps save money and protect the environment through superior energy efficiency.
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)
Aims to improve vehicle fuel economy and increase production of renewable fuels. Impact: Reduction in dependence on foreign oil, decreased greenhouse gas emissions.
Kyoto Protocol
International treaty committing state parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Impact: Helps in global efforts to combat climate change, though effectiveness is debated.
Wilderness Act
Established the National Wilderness Preservation System and recognized wilderness as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man. Impact: Protects large areas of intact ecosystems and promotes conservation.
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
Protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats. Impact: Prevents extinction and promotes biodiversity conservation.
Antarctic Conservation Act
Provides for the conservation and protection of the fauna and flora of Antarctica and for the preservation of the natural ecological systems. Impact: Restrictions on human activity preserve biodiversity and scientific research value.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Governs the disposal of solid and hazardous waste. Impact: Reduces or eliminates generation of hazardous waste, conserves energy and natural resources.
Clean Air Act (CAA)
Sets national air quality standards, regulates emissions, includes programs for prevention and control. Impact: Significant reduction in air pollution and improvement in public health.
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Regulates the distribution, sale, and use of pesticides. Impact: Protects consumers and the environment from potential harm caused by pesticides.
Climate Stewardship Act
Proposed to establish a market-driven system of greenhouse gas tradable allowances. Impact: Intended to incentivize reduction in greenhouse gas emissions among major emitters, but was not enacted.
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