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Converts chemical energy in hydrogen to electricity, with water as the only by-product. Sustainable impact is seen in the potential for zero-emission energy and storage of excess renewable energy.

A concept where excess energy is used to lift a large mass. Releasing the mass generates electricity when demand peaks. Sustainable impact is through simplicity, durability, and the use of readily available materials.

Stores excess energy by cooling air to a liquid state, which is then vaporized and expanded for power generation. Sustainable impact includes high energy storage capacity and the usage of ambient air.

A system combining multiple forms of energy storage to balance and store energy from renewables. Sustainable impact is from optimizing the use of variable sources like wind and solar power.

An innovative technology where biological materials are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy, or vice versa. Sustainable impact lies in the use of renewable biomass and the potential for waste treatment.

A type of rechargeable battery where rechargeability is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids. Sustainable impact is due to the long life-cycle and use of more abundant materials.

Kinetic energy is stored in a spinning flywheel. Sustainable impact comes from the long operational life and lack of chemicals or pollutants.

Stores energy in the form of heat or cold, which can be used for heating or cooling purposes later. Sustainable impact includes the ability to reduce peak power demand and smooth out energy supply from intermittent sources.

Energy storage devices that can charge and discharge rapidly, offering higher power density compared to batteries. Sustainable impact includes longevity and the ability to complement batteries by reducing the cycling load.

Battery type commonly found in hybrid cars, offering a good balance between cost and performance. Sustainable impact includes fewer toxic metals than alternatives and a good recycling rate.

Energy is stored in the form of compressed air in underground caverns or containers. Sustainable impact through the utilization of existing geological formations and minimal environmental footprint.

Energy from the sun is collected and stored as heat in a thermal mass. Sustainable impact lies in reducing the use of fossil fuels and providing scalable storage solutions.

Energy is stored in mechanical springs by winding them up during times of excess energy. Sustainable impact includes low energy loss and the potential for mechanical simplicity and durability.

Energy is stored in the magnetic field created by the flow of direct current in a superconductive coil which has been cooled below its superconducting critical temperature. Sustainable impact revolves around high efficiencies and zero emissions during operation.

An emerging technology where the liquid or gel electrolyte is replaced with a solid. Promises increased safety and energy density. Sustainable impact is due to the potential use of more eco-friendly materials.

Older technology used for backup power and starting vehicle engines. Sustainable impact comes from the ability to recycle almost 100% of the material.

High temperature rechargeable batteries used for grid storage, providing high energy density and efficiency. Its sustainable impact is heightened by the long service life and relatively abundant materials.

Largest form of grid energy storage. Water is pumped from a lower elevation to a higher elevation when surplus energy is available, then released back to generate electricity. Sustainable impact through established technology with a high capacity for storage, but requires careful site selection to minimize ecological impact.

Rechargeable batteries used for portable electronics and electric vehicles, offering high energy density. Sustainable impact includes considerations for recycling and the move towards sourcing less impactful raw materials.