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Utilizing the kinetic energy of wind through turbines to generate electricity. Example: Wind farms with multiple turbines supplying power to a grid.

Production of heat and electricity using the thermal energy stored beneath the Earth's surface. Example: Geothermal power plants utilizing steam from heated groundwater.

Exploiting the temperature difference between warmer surface water and colder deep water to generate electricity. Example: OTEC plants converting thermal gradients into energy.

Generating electricity from mechanical stress using piezoelectric materials. Example: Piezoelectric floor tiles producing power from pedestrian foot traffic.

Generating electricity by converting the energy of flowing water. Example: Dams with generators that produce power as water flows through them.

Incorporating photovoltaic materials into the building envelope, such as the roof or facade. Example: An office building with solar panel glass windows generating electricity.

Devices that use direct sunlight to cook food, avoiding the need for fuel. Example: Portable solar cooker used in camping or emergency situations.

Using hydrogen as a clean fuel source, often produced via electrolysis. Example: Fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen gas with water vapor as the only emission.

Liquid fuels produced from plant and animal materials, used for transportation. Example: Cars running on ethanol made from corn or sugarcane.

Small-scale hydroelectric power generation, often implemented in rural areas. Example: Small water turbines in a stream providing power to a local community.

Energy produced by burning organic materials such as wood, agricultural waste, and biogas. Example: Using biodigesters to convert agricultural waste into biogas for heating.

Capturing and using methane gas released from decomposing waste in landfills. Example: Landfill gas power plants generating electricity.

Air conditioning systems powered by solar energy, directly or via electricity. Example: A commercial building using a solar absorption chiller for cooling.

Generating thermal energy by concentrating sunlight using mirrors or lenses, which is then used to produce electricity. Example: CSP plants with large mirror arrays focusing sunlight on a receiver.

Using solar energy to heat water through thermal collectors. Example: Residential solar water heaters providing hot water for home use.

Harnessing energy from the sun using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal collectors. Example: Solar panels on a home's rooftop providing electricity.

Generating electricity from the movement of tides using underwater turbines. Example: Tidal barrages capturing potential and kinetic energy during tidal changes.

Extracting energy from surface wave motion to produce electricity. Example: Wave energy converters (WECs) positioned offshore to capture wave power.

Biological process of breaking down organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas. Example: Conversion of food waste into biogas at a waste treatment facility.