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Harnessing energy from the sun using photovoltaic cells or solar thermal collectors. Example: Solar panels on a home's rooftop providing electricity.

Utilizing the kinetic energy of wind through turbines to generate electricity. Example: Wind farms with multiple turbines supplying power to a grid.

Generating electricity by converting the energy of flowing water. Example: Dams with generators that produce power as water flows through them.

Production of heat and electricity using the thermal energy stored beneath the Earth's surface. Example: Geothermal power plants utilizing steam from heated groundwater.

Energy produced by burning organic materials such as wood, agricultural waste, and biogas. Example: Using biodigesters to convert agricultural waste into biogas for heating.

Generating electricity from the movement of tides using underwater turbines. Example: Tidal barrages capturing potential and kinetic energy during tidal changes.

Extracting energy from surface wave motion to produce electricity. Example: Wave energy converters (WECs) positioned offshore to capture wave power.

Exploiting the temperature difference between warmer surface water and colder deep water to generate electricity. Example: OTEC plants converting thermal gradients into energy.

Using hydrogen as a clean fuel source, often produced via electrolysis. Example: Fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen gas with water vapor as the only emission.

Generating thermal energy by concentrating sunlight using mirrors or lenses, which is then used to produce electricity. Example: CSP plants with large mirror arrays focusing sunlight on a receiver.

Liquid fuels produced from plant and animal materials, used for transportation. Example: Cars running on ethanol made from corn or sugarcane.

Using solar energy to heat water through thermal collectors. Example: Residential solar water heaters providing hot water for home use.

Capturing and using methane gas released from decomposing waste in landfills. Example: Landfill gas power plants generating electricity.

Small-scale hydroelectric power generation, often implemented in rural areas. Example: Small water turbines in a stream providing power to a local community.

Devices that use direct sunlight to cook food, avoiding the need for fuel. Example: Portable solar cooker used in camping or emergency situations.

Generating electricity from mechanical stress using piezoelectric materials. Example: Piezoelectric floor tiles producing power from pedestrian foot traffic.

Incorporating photovoltaic materials into the building envelope, such as the roof or facade. Example: An office building with solar panel glass windows generating electricity.

Biological process of breaking down organic matter in the absence of oxygen to produce biogas. Example: Conversion of food waste into biogas at a waste treatment facility.

Air conditioning systems powered by solar energy, directly or via electricity. Example: A commercial building using a solar absorption chiller for cooling.