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Bone Remodeling Hormones

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Prolactin

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Elevated levels may lead to decreased estrogen and testosterone, which can indirectly reduce bone density.

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Calcitonin

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Inhibits osteoclast activity, which leads to decreased bone resorption and lower blood calcium levels.

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Estrogen

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Promotes bone formation by inhibiting osteoclasts and stimulating osteoblasts.

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Cortisol

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Can inhibit bone formation and increase bone resorption, leading to decreased bone density.

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Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Promotes calcium and phosphate absorption in the gut and calcium mobilization from bone to increase blood calcium levels.

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Growth Hormone (GH)

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Stimulates overall bone growth, including the lengthening of long bones and increased bone density.

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Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4)

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Can stimulate bone turnover, with both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity for normal bone remodeling.

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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption and release calcium into the blood.

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Testosterone

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Stimulates osteoblast activity, which promotes bone formation and increases bone density.

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Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)

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Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Mediates the effects of growth hormone (GH) on bone, promoting bone formation and growth.

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