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Bone Remodeling Hormones
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Prolactin
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Elevated levels may lead to decreased estrogen and testosterone, which can indirectly reduce bone density.
Calcitonin
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Inhibits osteoclast activity, which leads to decreased bone resorption and lower blood calcium levels.
Estrogen
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Promotes bone formation by inhibiting osteoclasts and stimulating osteoblasts.
Cortisol
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Can inhibit bone formation and increase bone resorption, leading to decreased bone density.
Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Promotes calcium and phosphate absorption in the gut and calcium mobilization from bone to increase blood calcium levels.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Stimulates overall bone growth, including the lengthening of long bones and increased bone density.
Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4)
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Can stimulate bone turnover, with both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity for normal bone remodeling.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption and release calcium into the blood.
Testosterone
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Stimulates osteoblast activity, which promotes bone formation and increases bone density.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
Role in Bone Formation or Resorption: Mediates the effects of growth hormone (GH) on bone, promoting bone formation and growth.
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