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Obesity and Hormonal Influence
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Melanocortins
Involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, including food intake
Peptide YY (PYY)
A gut hormone that reduces appetite
Progesterone
Works with estrogen to regulate changes that affect weight, such as in the menstrual cycle
Amylin
Co-secreted with insulin, synergistically reduces postprandial glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and promotes satiety
Leptin
Role in satiety signaling and energy balance maintenance
Oxytocin
While primarily known for social bonding, also implicated in inhibiting appetite
Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4)
Regulate basal metabolic rate and affect body weight
Estrogen
Influences body fat distribution and appetite through complex interactions
Cortisol
Involved in the regulation of metabolism in the face of stress, can lead to increased abdominal fat
Adiponectin
Enhances sensitivity to insulin and has anti-inflammatory effects
Testosterone
Affects fat distribution and muscle mass, with impacts on metabolic rate
Insulin
Regulates glucose levels and fat storage
Glucagon
Helps regulate blood glucose by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Ghrelin
Role in hunger stimulation and meal initiation
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Induces satiation and slows gastric emptying
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