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Endocrine Drugs and Mechanisms

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Fludrocortisone

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Mechanism of Action: Synthetic corticosteroid with high mineralocorticoid activity, promoting sodium retention in the kidneys. Use: Addison's disease, orthostatic hypotension.

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Dexamethasone

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Mechanism of Action: Potent synthetic corticosteroid, acts as glucocorticoid receptor agonist, inhibits inflammation. Use: Anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive therapy.

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Propylthiouracil (PTU)

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Mechanism of Action: Inhibits thyroid peroxidase and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Use: Hyperthyroidism.

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Liraglutide

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Mechanism of Action: GLP-1 analog, increases glucose-dependent insulin release, suppresses glucagon. Use: Type 2 diabetes and obesity.

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Finasteride

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Mechanism of Action: 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, prevents conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Use: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), male pattern baldness.

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Insulin glargine

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Mechanism of Action: Long-acting insulin analog, with steady glucose-lowering effect. Use: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

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Glargine

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Mechanism of Action: Long-acting, recombinant insulin analog that provides a constant level of insulin. Use: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

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Exenatide

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Mechanism of Action: GLP-1 receptor agonist, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Use: Type 2 diabetes.

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Sitagliptin

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Mechanism of Action: DPP-4 inhibitor, which increases incretin levels, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Use: Type 2 diabetes.

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Pioglitazone

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Mechanism of Action: Thiazolidinedione (TZD) class, increases insulin sensitivity by activating PPAR-gamma. Use: Type 2 diabetes.

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Methimazole

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Mechanism of Action: Inhibits thyroid peroxidase, decreasing production of thyroid hormones. Use: Hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves' disease.

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Desmopressin

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Mechanism of Action: Synthetic analog of vasopressin, increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. Use: Diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis.

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Metformin

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Mechanism of Action: Decreases hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity. Use: Type 2 diabetes.

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Prednisone

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Mechanism of Action: Corticosteroid that acts as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, reducing inflammation and immune response. Use: Wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

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Cabergoline

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Mechanism of Action: Dopamine D2 receptor agonist, inhibits prolactin secretion. Use: Hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson's disease.

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Hydrocortisone

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Mechanism of Action: Corticosteroid that acts as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, reducing inflammation and immune response. Use: Adrenal insufficiency, inflammation.

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Spironolactone

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Mechanism of Action: Potassium-sparing diuretic, aldosterone receptor antagonist. Use: Hypertension, heart failure, hyperaldosteronism.

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Pramlintide

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Mechanism of Action: Synthetic analog of human amylin, slows gastric emptying and suppresses glucagon. Use: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (adjunct treatment).

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Somatropin

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Mechanism of Action: Recombinant human growth hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. Use: Growth hormone deficiency.

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Levothyroxine

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Mechanism of Action: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4), converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in the body, which stimulates metabolism. Use: Hypothyroidism.

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