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Iodine is an essential component for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, as it is incorporated into the amino acid tyrosine to form the hormones T3 and T4.

Thyroglobulin serves as a precursor and storage form of thyroid hormones within the thyroid gland.

Thyroid peroxidase catalyzes the iodination of tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin and couples iodotyrosines to form T3 and T4.

The sodium-iodide symporter actively transports iodide ions into the thyroid gland cells, which is crucial for thyroid hormone production.

TSH, secreted by the pituitary gland, stimulates the activity of thyroid follicular cells, leading to increased thyroid hormone production and release.

Deiodinases are enzymes that activate or deactivate thyroid hormones by removing iodine atoms, primarily converting T4 into the more active form T3.

TBG is the primary plasma protein that binds to T4 and T3 in the bloodstream, facilitating their transport and maintaining a reservoir of hormone.

Tyrosine, an amino acid present in thyroglobulin, is iodinated to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT), which are later coupled to produce T3 and T4.

Pendrin is a transporter protein that facilitates the efflux of iodide into the lumen of the thyroid follicle where it becomes available for hormone synthesis.