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Diabetes Mellitus Basics
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Type 1 Diabetes
A chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin due to the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells.
Type 2 Diabetes
A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose) due to insulin resistance or a relative lack of insulin.
Gestational Diabetes
A form of diabetes consisting of high blood glucose levels during pregnancy and is associated with complications to both mother and child.
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood by facilitating its entry into cells.
Glucose
A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Hemoglobin A1c
A form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time.
Hyperglycemia
A condition characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood stream, often associated with diabetes.
Hypoglycemia
A condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood, often due to diabetes medication.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones) due to a lack of insulin.
Insulin Resistance
A condition in which cells in the body don't respond well to insulin and can't easily take up glucose from the blood, often leading to Type 2 Diabetes.
Glycated Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin that is bound to glucose in the blood; higher levels indicate poorer control of blood sugar levels.
Insulin Pump
A medical device that administers continuous insulin therapy to control blood glucose levels for people with diabetes.
Pancreas
A glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system that secretes insulin and other important enzymes and hormones.
Diabetes Mellitus
A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).
Endocrinologist
A doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes and thyroid disorders.
Glucagon
A hormone produced by the pancreas that works with insulin to control blood glucose levels and helps raise the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
The regular testing of glucose levels in the blood to manage diabetes and maintain proper blood sugar levels.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
A method to track glucose levels around the clock by using a tiny sensor inserted under the skin that sends readings to a device.
Carbohydrate Counting
A meal planning technique for managing blood sugar levels that involves keeping track of the amount of carbohydrates eaten.
Retinopathy
A disease of the retina which results in impairment or loss of vision, often due to damage caused by prolonged high blood glucose levels in diabetes.
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