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Diabetes Mellitus Basics

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Type 2 Diabetes

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A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose) due to insulin resistance or a relative lack of insulin.

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Gestational Diabetes

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A form of diabetes consisting of high blood glucose levels during pregnancy and is associated with complications to both mother and child.

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Hyperglycemia

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A condition characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood stream, often associated with diabetes.

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Insulin Resistance

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A condition in which cells in the body don't respond well to insulin and can't easily take up glucose from the blood, often leading to Type 2 Diabetes.

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Insulin Pump

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A medical device that administers continuous insulin therapy to control blood glucose levels for people with diabetes.

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Hypoglycemia

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A condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood, often due to diabetes medication.

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Glucose

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A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

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Pancreas

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A glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system that secretes insulin and other important enzymes and hormones.

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Diabetes Mellitus

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A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).

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Blood Glucose Monitoring

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The regular testing of glucose levels in the blood to manage diabetes and maintain proper blood sugar levels.

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Retinopathy

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A disease of the retina which results in impairment or loss of vision, often due to damage caused by prolonged high blood glucose levels in diabetes.

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Insulin

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A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood by facilitating its entry into cells.

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Hemoglobin A1c

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A form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time.

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Endocrinologist

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A doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes and thyroid disorders.

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Glycated Hemoglobin

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Hemoglobin that is bound to glucose in the blood; higher levels indicate poorer control of blood sugar levels.

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Carbohydrate Counting

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A meal planning technique for managing blood sugar levels that involves keeping track of the amount of carbohydrates eaten.

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)

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A method to track glucose levels around the clock by using a tiny sensor inserted under the skin that sends readings to a device.

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Glucagon

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A hormone produced by the pancreas that works with insulin to control blood glucose levels and helps raise the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream.

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

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A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones) due to a lack of insulin.

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Type 1 Diabetes

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A chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin due to the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells.

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