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Hormonal Changes during Exercise
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Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Increases during exercise to enhance energy availability and blood flow.
Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)
Levels rise during exercise to improve focus and energy mobilization.
Cortisol
Elevates with prolonged exercise to assist in protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
Insulin
Decreases during exercise to facilitate glucose uptake by muscle cells.
Glucagon
Increases during exercise to maintain blood glucose levels.
Growth Hormone
Surges during exercise to support tissue growth and fat metabolism.
Testosterone
May increase temporarily during resistance exercises, promoting muscle growth.
Estrogen
Varies based on exercise intensity and can contribute to fat distribution.
Endorphins
Levels rise during exercise, leading to pain relief and a sense of well-being.
Serotonin
Can increase with aerobic exercise, improving mood and overall sense of happiness.
Dopamine
Levels often rise during exercise, affecting pleasure and reward centers in the brain.
Natriuretic Peptides
Released from the heart in response to increased blood pressure, influencing fluid balance and sodium excretion.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
Exercise can stimulate its release, aiding in muscle repair and growth.
Leptin
Long-term exercise may decrease leptin levels, which is involved in regulating energy balance and fat storage.
Ghrelin
Acute exercise may decrease ghrelin levels temporarily, which stimulates appetite.
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