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A type of cancer that begins in B cells and is often slow-growing, but can develop into an aggressive disease over time. Diagnostics: CBC with differential, flow cytometry, immunophenotyping. Treatment: watchful waiting, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.

Cancer that begins in lymphocytes (T or B cells) of the lymphatic system. Diagnostics: biopsy of lymph nodes, imaging studies, bone marrow biopsy. Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplant.

A diverse group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas. Diagnostics: lymph node biopsy, imaging studies, bone marrow biopsy. Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy.

A group of cancers that usually begins in the bone marrow and results in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. Diagnostics: CBC, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow biopsy. Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant.

An aggressive malignancy where the bone marrow produces abnormal myeloblasts, red blood cells, or platelets. Diagnostics: CBC, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetics. Treatment: chemotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.

A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an elevated platelet count leading to risk of thrombosis or bleeding. Diagnostics: CBC, bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing (e.g., JAK2, CALR mutations). Treatment: aspirin, hydroxyurea, anagrelide, interferon alfa.

A cancer of plasma cells that causes cancer cells to accumulate in the bone marrow, leading to bone destruction and marrow failure. Diagnostics: serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), bone marrow biopsy. Treatment: chemotherapy, steroids, stem cell transplant, targeted therapy.

A type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. It is typically marked by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node group to another. Diagnostics: excisional lymph node biopsy, imaging studies, complete blood count. Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy.

A group of diseases that involve excess production of blood cells by the bone marrow. Diagnostics: CBC, bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing (e.g., JAK2, CALR mutations). Treatment: targeted therapy (e.g., ruxolitinib), phlebotomy, hydroxyurea.

A group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells. Diagnostics: CBC, bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetics. Treatment: supportive care, blood transfusions, chemotherapy, stem cell transplant.

A fast-growing form of leukemia with overproduction of immature lymphocytes. Diagnostics: CBC, peripheral blood smear, bone marrow biopsy, immunophenotyping. Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.