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Introduction to Hemostasis

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Secondary Hemostasis

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Involves the formation of a stable fibrin clot through a cascade of proteolytic enzymes. Key players are coagulation factors, which are mostly plasma proteins.

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Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)

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A blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, promoting platelet adhesion to the subendothelium after vascular injury and carrying factor VIII.

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Platelet Activation

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Activation process of platelets that results in shape change, release of granules, and expression of fibrinogen receptors, leading to aggregation.

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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways

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Two converging pathways within the coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway is activated by internal damage, whereas the extrinsic pathway is activated by external trauma.

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Primary Hemostasis

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The initial response to vascular injury involving vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation. Key factors include von Willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet adhesion.

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Coagulation Factors

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Proteins in the blood that are essential for coagulation, working in a complex cascade to form a clot. Notable ones include Factor VIII, IX, and X.

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Fibrinolysis

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The process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic, primarily through the action of the enzyme plasmin which degrades fibrin.

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Endothelial Function in Hemostasis

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Endothelial cells line blood vessels and regulate hemostasis by controlling blood flow, platelet adhesion, and providing a barrier to subendothelial collagen and tissue factor.

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