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Introduction to Hemostasis
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Secondary Hemostasis
Involves the formation of a stable fibrin clot through a cascade of proteolytic enzymes. Key players are coagulation factors, which are mostly plasma proteins.
Von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
A blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, promoting platelet adhesion to the subendothelium after vascular injury and carrying factor VIII.
Platelet Activation
Activation process of platelets that results in shape change, release of granules, and expression of fibrinogen receptors, leading to aggregation.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways
Two converging pathways within the coagulation cascade. The intrinsic pathway is activated by internal damage, whereas the extrinsic pathway is activated by external trauma.
Primary Hemostasis
The initial response to vascular injury involving vasoconstriction and platelet plug formation. Key factors include von Willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet adhesion.
Coagulation Factors
Proteins in the blood that are essential for coagulation, working in a complex cascade to form a clot. Notable ones include Factor VIII, IX, and X.
Fibrinolysis
The process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic, primarily through the action of the enzyme plasmin which degrades fibrin.
Endothelial Function in Hemostasis
Endothelial cells line blood vessels and regulate hemostasis by controlling blood flow, platelet adhesion, and providing a barrier to subendothelial collagen and tissue factor.
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