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Cause: Inadequate dietary iron, blood loss, or malabsorption. Symptoms: Fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath. Treatment: Iron supplements, dietary changes, and treatment of underlying causes.

Cause: Bone marrow damage from radiation, chemotherapy, or toxins; autoimmune diseases; genetic conditions. Symptoms: Fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising. Treatment: Blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressive therapy.

Cause: Poor diet, malabsorption, certain medications. Symptoms: Fatigue, mouth sores, pale skin. Treatment: Folic acid supplements and increasing folate intake through diet.

Cause: Inadequate absorption of vitamin B12, low dietary intake, or pernicious anemia. Symptoms: Fatigue, tingling in the hands and feet, difficulty walking. Treatment: Vitamin B12 injections or supplements and dietary changes.

Cause: Red blood cells destroyed faster than bone marrow can replace them; can be inherited or acquired. Symptoms: Jaundice, dark urine, abdominal pain. Treatment: Treating underlying cause, medication, blood transfusions, or splenectomy.

Cause: Genetic mutation leads to abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to sickle. Symptoms: Pain crises, swelling of hands and feet, frequent infections. Treatment: Pain management, hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, and sometimes bone marrow transplant.

Cause: Genetic mutation affects hemoglobin production. Symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, growth delays in children. Treatment: Blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, bone marrow transplant.

Cause: Autoimmune condition causing vitamin B12 malabsorption. Symptoms: Fatigue, difficulty with balance, cognitive difficulties. Treatment: Vitamin B12 injections or high-dose oral supplementation.

Cause: Genetic disorder leading to bone marrow failure. Symptoms: Low birth weight, abnormal skin pigmentation, physical abnormalities. Treatment: Androgens, growth factors, bone marrow transplant.