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Pediatric Endocrinology 101
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Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Symptoms: Ambiguous genitalia in females, early pubic hair. Treatment: Lifelong hormone replacement therapy and salt supplementation.
Type 1 Diabetes
Symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss. Treatment includes insulin therapy and blood sugar monitoring.
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Symptoms: Short stature, increased fat around the waist, and a younger-looking face. Treatment: Growth hormone injections.
Addison's Disease
Symptoms: Hyperpigmentation, weakness, and weight loss. Treatment: Corticosteroid replacement therapy.
Cushing's Syndrome
Symptoms: Obesity, round face, and purple stretch marks. Treatment includes surgical removal of tumors, medication, or radiation therapy.
Delayed Puberty
Symptoms: A lack of secondary sexual characteristics by an age beyond the expected timeframe. Treatment: Hormone therapy if necessary and treatment of underlying conditions.
Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Fatigue, constipation, and dry skin. Treatment includes thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Symptoms include acanthosis nigricans and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls. Treatment: Lifestyle modifications, metformin, and weight loss strategies.
Turner Syndrome
Symptoms: Short stature, webbed neck, and infertility. Treatment: Growth hormone therapy, estrogen replacement therapy.
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Symptoms: Poor feeding, lethargy, and prolonged jaundice. Treatment: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Klinefelter Syndrome
Symptoms include tall stature, small testes, and gynecomastia. Treatment includes testosterone replacement and fertility counseling.
Precocious Puberty
Symptoms: Early development of secondary sexual characteristics, rapid growth. Treatment: GnRH analogs to delay further development.
Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms: Restlessness, weight loss, and heat intolerance. Treatment: Antithyroid medication, radioactive iodine therapy, and surgery.
Type 2 Diabetes
Symptoms include acanthosis nigricans, fatigue, and blurred vision. Treatment options are lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin if necessary.
Rickets
Symptoms: Bone pain, dental problems, and muscle weakness. Treatment: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation.
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