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Pediatric Neurological Disorders

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Signs: Social communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, restricted interests. Common Treatments: Behavioral therapies, occupational therapy, speech therapy.

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Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

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Signs: Fatigue, muscle spasms, difficulty with coordination. Common Treatments: Disease-modifying therapies, steroids, physical therapy.

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Down Syndrome

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Signs: Intellectual disability, distinct facial features, congenital heart defects. Common Treatments: Early intervention programs, speech therapy, corrective surgeries.

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Pediatric Myasthenia Gravis

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Signs: Muscle weakness that improves with rest, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing. Common Treatments: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressive drugs, thymectomy.

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Tourette Syndrome

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Signs: Motor and vocal tics, involuntary movements, premonitory urges. Common Treatments: Behavioral therapy, medications (antipsychotics, alpha agonists), deep brain stimulation.

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Muscular Dystrophy

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Signs: Progressive muscle weakness, difficulty walking, heart problems. Common Treatments: Corticosteroids, physical therapy, mobility aids.

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

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Signs: Loss of consciousness, headache, changes in behavior. Common Treatments: Neurorehabilitation, surgery for severe cases, behavior therapy.

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Pediatric Brain Tumors

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Signs: Headaches, nausea, vision changes. Common Treatments: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy.

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Neurofibromatosis

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Signs: Café-au-lait spots, lisch nodules, bone deformities. Common Treatments: Monitoring for complications, surgery for tumors, pain management.

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Angelman Syndrome

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Signs: Severe intellectual disability, lack of speech, ataxia. Common Treatments: Speech therapy, antiepileptic drugs, physical therapy.

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Meningitis

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Signs: Fever, stiff neck, headache. Common Treatments: Antibiotics (bacterial), antiviral medication, corticosteroids.

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Chiari Malformation

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Signs: Headaches, dizziness, muscle weakness. Common Treatments: Pain management, surgery, physical therapy.

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Pediatric Guillain-Barré Syndrome

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Signs: Rapidly developing weakness, reflex loss, difficulty swallowing. Common Treatments: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, supportive care.

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Epilepsy

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Signs: Seizures, loss of consciousness, sensory disturbances. Common Treatments: Antiepileptic drugs, ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Signs: Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity. Common Treatments: Stimulant medications, behavioral therapy, psychoeducation.

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Rett Syndrome

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Signs: Loss of purposeful hand movements, slowed growth, cognitive impairment. Common Treatments: Occupational therapy, speech therapy, medication for symptom relief.

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Congenital Hydrocephalus

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Signs: Enlarged head size, vomiting, sleepiness. Common Treatments: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, endoscopic third ventriculostomy, regular monitoring.

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Cerebral Palsy

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Signs: Muscle stiffness, poor coordination, developmental delays. Common Treatments: Physical therapy, assistive devices, muscle relaxants.

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Spina Bifida

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Signs: Weakness or paralysis of the legs, bowel and bladder dysfunction, hydrocephalus. Common Treatments: Surgery, physiotherapy, clean intermittent catheterization.

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Pediatric Stroke

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Signs: Weakness on one side of the body, speech difficulties, seizures. Common Treatments: Rehabilitation therapies, anticoagulant medications, sometimes surgery.

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