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Pediatric Sleep Disorders
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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Symptoms: Uncomfortable sensations in legs, urge to move legs, worsening symptoms at night. Treatments: Iron supplementation, lifestyle changes, and sometimes medication.
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Symptoms: Snoring, labored breathing, frequent awakenings. Treatments: Addressing the underlying cause, weight management, CPAP or other positive airway pressure devices.
Narcolepsy
Symptoms: Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis. Treatments: Scheduled naps, medications like stimulants and antidepressants, and good sleep hygiene.
Sleepwalking
Symptoms: Walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep. Treatments: Safety measures, stress management, and occasionally medication for prevention.
Parasomnias
Symptoms: Abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions or dreams occurring during sleep. Treatments: Ensuring safety during sleep, managing stress, counseling, and sometimes medication.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Symptoms: Difficulty sleeping and waking at the times required for normal social life. Treatments: Light therapy, melatonin supplements, and sleep scheduling.
Insomnia
Symptoms: Difficulty falling or staying asleep, waking up too early. Treatments: Sleep hygiene education, cognitive behavioral therapy, and in some cases, short-term use of sleep aids under medical supervision.
Nocturnal Enuresis (Bedwetting)
Symptoms: Involuntary urination during sleep. Treatments: Behavioral strategies, moisture alarms, and medication in some cases.
Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS)
Symptoms: Inability to fall asleep and wake up at conventional times but normal sleep pattern once asleep. Treatments: Gradual adjustment of sleep time, good sleep hygiene, light therapy.
Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
Symptoms: Teeth grinding or clenching during sleep, which may lead to jaw pain and headaches. Treatments: Dental guards, stress reduction techniques, and treating associated sleep disorders.
Night Terrors
Symptoms: Intense fear during sleep, such as screaming, with no recollection of the event when awake. Treatments: Often outgrown, ensure safety during episodes, and stress reduction techniques.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Symptoms: Loud snoring, observed pauses in breathing, restless sleep. Treatments: Weight management, CPAP machines, and surgery in severe cases.
Nightmares
Symptoms: Frequent vivid and distressing dreams that awaken the child. Treatments: Reassurance, stress reduction, and in some cases, therapy like image rehearsal therapy.
Central Sleep Apnea
Symptoms: Pauses in breathing during sleep due to brain's lack of signals to muscles. Treatments: Treating underlying conditions, CPAP, adaptive servo-ventilation.
Behavioral Insomnia of Childhood
Symptoms: Refusal to go to bed, repeated awakening, negative associations with sleep. Treatments: Consistent bedtime routine, limit-setting, and parental education.
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