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Pediatric ENT Basics
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Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing due to problems with the throat or esophagus. Therapy can include swallowing exercises, dietary modifications, and possibly medical procedures.
Adenoid Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the adenoids often causing nasal obstruction, sleep disturbances, and ear infections. Treatment may include nasal steroids or adenoidectomy.
Allergic Rhinitis
An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and other similar symptoms. Treatment may include antihistamines and avoiding known allergens.
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the middle ear, commonly in children. General care includes pain management and antibiotics if bacterial.
Tonsillitis
Infection of the tonsils, which can be viral or bacterial. Treatment includes hydration, rest, and antibiotics if bacterial.
Pediatric Sleep Apnea
A sleep disorder where a child's breathing is partially or completely blocked repeatedly during sleep. Management may include adenotonsillectomy or CPAP.
Thrush
A fungal infection in the mouth caused by Candida. Presentation includes white patches on the tongue or inside the cheeks. Treatment involves antifungal medication.
Conductive Hearing Loss
Hearing loss resulting from obstruction or damage to the outer or middle ear. Treatment may involve surgery or hearing aids, depending on the cause.
Perforated Eardrum
A tear or hole in the tympanic membrane, which can lead to hearing loss and increased risk of ear infection. Most perforations heal spontaneously; surgery is an option if they don't.
Otitis Externa
Infection of the outer ear canal, also known as 'swimmer's ear'. Treatment involves keeping the ear dry and topical antibiotics.
Epistaxis
Commonly known as a nosebleed. General care includes pinching the nose and leaning forward, avoiding nose blowing or picking.
Choanal Atresia
Congenital blockage of the nasal passage, which can cause difficulty in breathing through the nose. Treatment may involve surgical repair.
Foreign Body in Ear
Insertion of an object in the ear canal. Removal should be performed by a medical professional to avoid damage to the ear canal or tympanic membrane.
Croup
A viral infection leading to swelling around the vocal cords, characterized by a barking cough. Treatment includes humidified air and steroids in severe cases.
Ankyloglossia
Commonly known as tongue-tie, where a short lingual frenulum restricts tongue movement. Treatment can include a frenotomy if it interferes with feeding or speech.
Nasal Polyps
Soft, painless, noncancerous growths on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. Treatment may include steroids or surgery.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Permanent hearing loss due to problems with the inner ear or auditory nerve. Intervention may include hearing aids or cochlear implants.
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses, usually due to infection. Care includes nasal irrigation, decongestants, and possibly antibiotics if symptoms persist.
Stridor
Noisy breathing caused by narrowed or obstructed airway passage. Urgent assessment is critical to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.
Laryngomalacia
Soft, floppy laryngeal cartilages that collapse inward during inhalation, causing stridor. Most cases resolve spontaneously by 18-24 months of age.
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