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Breakthrough Drugs in History
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Cortisone
Year of discovery: 1949, Uses: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, Scientist involved: Philip Showalter Hench
Streptomycin
Year of discovery: 1943, Uses: Antibiotic for tuberculosis and other infections, Scientist involved: Selman Waksman
Morphine
Year of discovery: 1804, Uses: Pain management, particularly severe pain, Scientist involved: Friedrich Sertürner
Quinine
Year of discovery: Identification in the 17th century, Uses: Treatment of malaria, Scientist involved: Unknown, but isolated by Pelletier and Caventou in 1820
AZT (Zidovudine)
Year of discovery: 1987, Uses: Antiretroviral used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, Scientist involved: Jerome Horwitz
Valium (Diazepam)
Year of discovery: 1963, Uses: Anxiety, seizures, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal, Scientist involved: Leo Sternbach
Warfarin
Year of discovery: 1948, Uses: Anticoagulant for preventing blood clots, Scientist involved: Karl Paul Link
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Year of discovery: 1998, Uses: Erectile dysfunction, pulmonary arterial hypertension, Scientist involved: A team at Pfizer
Heroin
Year of discovery: Synthesized in 1874, commercially introduced by Bayer in 1898, Uses: Originally a pain reliever, now a controlled substance, Scientist involved: C.R. Alder Wright
Penicillin
Year of discovery: 1928, Uses: Antibiotic for bacterial infections, Scientist involved: Alexander Fleming
Chloroform
Year of discovery: Use as an anesthetic in 1847, Uses: Anesthetic, disinfectant (historical), Scientist involved: James Young Simpson
Cyclosporine
Year of discovery: 1970, Uses: Immunosuppressant drug to prevent transplant rejection, Scientist involved: Jean-François Borel
Methotrexate
Year of discovery: 1947, Uses: Chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant, Scientist involved: Yellapragada Subbarow
MAOIs (e.g., Iproniazid)
Year of discovery: Iproniazid developed in the 1950s, Uses: Antidepressants, Scientist involved: Nathan S. Kline
Statins
Year of discovery: 1970s, Uses: Lowering cholesterol levels to prevent cardiovascular disease, Scientist involved: Akira Endo
Aspirin
Year of discovery: 1897, Uses: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, Scientist involved: Felix Hoffmann
Progesterone
Year of discovery: 1934, Uses: Hormone therapy, contraception, Scientist involved: Willard Myron Allen
Propranolol
Year of discovery: 1960s, Uses: Treatment of high blood pressure, angina, and anxiety, Scientist involved: James W. Black
LSD
Year of discovery: 1938, Uses: Originally studied for psychiatric uses, now a Schedule I drug, Scientist involved: Albert Hofmann
Ether
Year of discovery: Use as an anesthetic in 1846, Uses: Anesthetic, Scientist involved: William T. G. Morton
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir)
Year of discovery: 1996, Uses: Treatment and prevention of influenza A and B, Scientist involved: A team led by Gilead Sciences
Birth control pills (e.g., Enovid)
Year of discovery: Enovid approved in 1960, Uses: Contraception, Scientist involved: Frank Colton
Insulin
Year of discovery: 1921, Uses: Diabetes management, Scientist involved: Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Ritalin (Methylphenidate)
Year of discovery: 1944, Uses: ADHD and certain cases of narcolepsy, Scientist involved: Leandro Panizzon
SSRIs (e.g., Prozac)
Year of discovery: Prozac in 1986, Uses: Depression, anxiety disorders, some personality disorders, Scientist involved: Development by Eli Lilly and Company
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