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History of Medical Imaging

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X-ray

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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, 1895, revolutionized the ability to non-invasively see inside the body

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Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT)

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Douglas Boyd, 1980s, offered fast imaging ideal for scanning the heart

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Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

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David Huang and colleagues, 1991, non-invasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution cross-sectional images

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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Raymond Damadian, Paul Lauterbur, and Peter Mansfield, 1970s, offered detailed images of soft tissues contrast without ionizing radiation

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Mammography

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Albert Salomon, 1913, became crucial in early detection of breast cancer

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Fluoroscopy

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Thomas Edison, early 1900s, allowed for live motion radiography, particularly useful for guided procedures

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Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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Roderick Pettigrew and colleagues, 1980s, improved visualization of blood vessels and diagnosis of vascular diseases

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

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Seiji Ogawa and colleagues, early 1990s, enabled imaging of brain function by detecting changes in blood flow

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

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Michael Phelps, 1970s, enabled the visualization of metabolic processes in the body

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Thermography

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Lawson and Chughtai, late 1950s, a technique for detecting and measuring variations in heat emitted by various regions of the body

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Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

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Peter Mansfield and colleagues, 1980s, specialized MRI technique that maps the diffusion of water molecules in tissue

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Ultrasound

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Karl Dussik, 1942, allowed for real-time visualization of bodily structures using sound waves

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Nuclear Medicine

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George de Hevesy and Benedict Cassen, mid-20th century, important for functional imaging of organs

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Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)

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Hal Anger, 1950s, extended the scope of nuclear medicine by providing 3D imaging

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Computed Tomography (CT)

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Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan McLeod Cormack, 1972, provided cross-sectional views of the body with greatly improved resolution

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