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Historical Diseases and Treatments
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Syphilis
Historical treatments included mercury and guaiacum. The outcomes ranged from temporary remission to serious health complications and death.
Pellagra
Historical treatments included dietary supplementation with niacin. The outcomes were recovery if treated early; otherwise it could result in death.
Smallpox
Historical treatments included variolation and later vaccination. The outcome ultimately was the global eradication of the disease.
Cholera
Historical treatments included oral hydration with salt and sugar solutions, often ineffectively. High mortality rates were common before the development of IV hydration.
Diphtheria
Historical treatments included antitoxin and later antibiotics. Outcomes often resulted in death prior to the development of these treatments.
Rheumatic Fever
Historical treatments involved anti-inflammatory medication like salicylates and bed rest; outcomes prior to antibiotics included heart valve damage.
Tuberculosis
Historical treatments included sanatorium rest, pneumothorax, and phthisiotherapy. Outcomes varied with many succumbing to the disease before antibiotics.
Rickets
Historical treatments included exposure to sunlight and dietary changes to include vitamin D rich foods. Outcomes could include recovery or permanent bone deformities.
Lung cancer
Historical treatments included surgery, radium therapy, and later chemotherapy, but outcomes have historically been poor due to late detection.
Leprosy
Historically treated with isolation in leper colonies; Chaulmoogra oil was also used. Outcomes were social stigma and long-term disabilities.
Whooping Cough
Historical treatments included isolation and supportive care. Outcomes could be severe in infants and children without vaccination.
Gout
Historical treatments included dietary restrictions and herbal remedies. Colchicine was later used, improving outcomes.
Hemophilia
Historical treatments included blood transfusions; outcomes were often fatal due to uncontrollable bleeding.
Anthrax
Historical treatments included draining lesions and supportive care; antibiotics later proved effective in improving outcomes.
Dysentery
Historical treatments were primarily supportive, including hydration. Antibiotics later provided more targeted outcomes.
Malaria
Historical treatments included quinine derived from the cinchona tree. Outcomes varied prior to more effective antimalarial drugs.
Bubonic Plague
Treatments were non-specific such as bloodletting and herbal remedies. The outcome was often death due to a lack of effective treatments.
Trachoma
Historical treatments were largely ineffective and included various topical applications; later, antibiotics improved outcomes.
Goiter
Historical treatments involved iodine supplementation and surgery for large goiters. Outcomes have much improved with iodine fortification programs.
Measles
Treatments historically were supportive, focusing on managing symptoms. Outcomes included recovery or complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis.
Black Death
Treatments were largely ineffective and included bloodletting, boil-lancing, and herbal remedies. The outcome was millions of deaths in Europe.
Scurvy
Historical treatments were dietary, involving the intake of fresh fruits rich in vitamin C. The outcomes were typically full recovery if treated early enough.
Influenza
Historical treatments were largely supportive, including rest and hydration. The 1918 pandemic resulted in millions of deaths worldwide.
Scarlet Fever
Historical treatments included quarantine and, later, antibiotics. Outcomes without antibiotics often resulted in complications or death.
Rabies
Historical treatments were ineffective, often fatal once symptoms appeared; post-exposure vaccination has improved outcomes.
Poliomyelitis
Treatments included the iron lung and physical therapy. The outcome for many was paralysis or death until the development of the vaccine.
Beriberi
Historical treatments included dietary replacement with thiamine. The outcome improved significantly with proper nutritional intake.
Yellow Fever
Historical treatments were mostly supportive, such as treating fever and dehydration. The outcome often was death, leading to high mortality during outbreaks.
Typhoid Fever
Historical treatments involved sanitation and supportive care. Antibiotics later improved outcomes significantly.
Epilepsy
Historical treatments included bloodletting, purgatives, and herbal remedies. Outcomes varied greatly, with many treatments being ineffective.
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