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Early Anatomists and Their Discoveries

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Rudolf Virchow

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Developed the theory of cellular pathology, 'Omnis cellula e cellula', 19th century

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Santiago Ramón y Cajal

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Father of modern neuroscience, Neuron Doctrine, late 19th to early 20th century

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Marcello Malpighi

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Founder of microscopic anatomy, discovery of capillaries, 17th century

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Hippocrates

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Father of Medicine, Hippocratic Oath, around 400 B.C.

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Galen

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Advances in anatomy of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, 2nd century A.D.

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Claudius Galen

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Influential Roman physician, theorized humorism, 2nd century A.D.

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Detailed human anatomical drawings, research unaffected by contemporary scientific opinion, 15th-16th century

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Caspar Bartholin the Elder

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Described the Bartholin's glands, various anatomical discoveries, 17th century

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Jean Fernel

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Introduced the term 'physiology', described the 'circulus sanguinis', 16th century

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Aristotle

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Cardiopulmonary discoveries, classification of living organisms, approximately 350 B.C.

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Matthias Jakob Schleiden

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Co-founder of the cell theory, plant anatomy, mid-19th century

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Theodor Schwann

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Co-founder of the cell theory, discovery of Schwann cells, mid-19th century

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Herophilus

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Founder of scientific anatomy, differentiated nerves from tendons, 3rd century B.C.

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William Harvey

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Described the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped, 17th century

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Al-Zahrawi

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Father of modern surgery, developed surgical instruments, 10th-11th century

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Gabriele Falloppio

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Described the fallopian tubes, contributions to otology and rhinology, 16th century

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Improvements to the microscope, discovery of microorganisms, 17th century

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Erasistratus

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Dissected humans, described many neurological and anatomical features, 3rd century B.C.

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Mondino de Luzzi

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Performed first public dissection, author of 'Anathomia', early 14th century

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Andreas Vesalius

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De humani corporis fabrica, modern anatomy principles, 16th century

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