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Early Anatomists and Their Discoveries
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Hippocrates
Father of Medicine, Hippocratic Oath, around 400 B.C.
Aristotle
Cardiopulmonary discoveries, classification of living organisms, approximately 350 B.C.
Galen
Advances in anatomy of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, 2nd century A.D.
Andreas Vesalius
De humani corporis fabrica, modern anatomy principles, 16th century
William Harvey
Described the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped, 17th century
Marcello Malpighi
Founder of microscopic anatomy, discovery of capillaries, 17th century
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Improvements to the microscope, discovery of microorganisms, 17th century
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
Co-founder of the cell theory, plant anatomy, mid-19th century
Theodor Schwann
Co-founder of the cell theory, discovery of Schwann cells, mid-19th century
Rudolf Virchow
Developed the theory of cellular pathology, 'Omnis cellula e cellula', 19th century
Claudius Galen
Influential Roman physician, theorized humorism, 2nd century A.D.
Mondino de Luzzi
Performed first public dissection, author of 'Anathomia', early 14th century
Leonardo da Vinci
Detailed human anatomical drawings, research unaffected by contemporary scientific opinion, 15th-16th century
Herophilus
Founder of scientific anatomy, differentiated nerves from tendons, 3rd century B.C.
Erasistratus
Dissected humans, described many neurological and anatomical features, 3rd century B.C.
Al-Zahrawi
Father of modern surgery, developed surgical instruments, 10th-11th century
Jean Fernel
Introduced the term 'physiology', described the 'circulus sanguinis', 16th century
Gabriele Falloppio
Described the fallopian tubes, contributions to otology and rhinology, 16th century
Caspar Bartholin the Elder
Described the Bartholin's glands, various anatomical discoveries, 17th century
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Father of modern neuroscience, Neuron Doctrine, late 19th to early 20th century
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