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Time period: First appeared in 1485 in England, Death toll: Thousands, Brief description: Mysterious and highly virulent disease causing rapid death

Time period: Begun in 1961, ongoing, Death toll: Thousands annually, Brief description: The most recent global outbreak of cholera, beginning in Indonesia

Time period: 2010, Death toll: Over 10,000, Brief description: Cholera introduced to Haiti by United Nations peacekeepers after the earthquake

Time period: 1957-1958, Death toll: 1-2 million, Brief description: Influenza A (H2N2) virus that originated in China

Time period: 2015-2016, Death toll: Low mortality, significant congenital disabilities, Brief description: Mosquito-borne virus causing birth defects in infants

Time period: 1720-1723, Death toll: 100,000, Brief description: Last significant bubonic plague outbreak in Europe

Time period: 430-426 BC, Death toll: 75,000-100,000, Brief description: Deadly epidemic during the early years of the Peloponnesian War, cause unknown

Time period: 1916, Death toll: Over 2,000, Brief description: Major outbreak of polio in New York City, prompting widespread fear and quarantine

Time period: 1545-1548, Death toll: 5-15 million, Brief description: Disease outbreak in Mexico that affected Aztec people, cause unknown

Time period: 1793, Death toll: 5,000, Brief description: Yellow fever outbreak in Philadelphia, then the capital of the United States

Time period: 20th century, significant in the 1950s, Death toll: 3,145 (in 1952), Brief description: Poliovirus that led to paralysis and death, primarily affecting children

Time period: 1968-1969, Death toll: 1 million, Brief description: Influenza A (H3N2) virus that originated in Hong Kong

Time period: 541–542 AD, Death toll: 25-100 million, Brief description: Early pandemic possibly of bubonic plague, marked the start of the first plague pandemic

Time period: 1855-1959, Death toll: 12 million (primarily in India and China), Brief description: Bubonic plague pandemic starting in Yunnan province, China

Time period: 2014-2016, Death toll: 11,325, Brief description: Largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease, affecting multiple countries in West Africa

Time period: 250-271 AD, Death toll: Unknown, thousands per day, Brief description: Epidemic of an unknown disease, named after Saint Cyprian who described it

Time period: 1347-1351, Death toll: 75-200 million, Brief description: Bubonic plague pandemic originating in Asia and spreading through Europe

Time period: 1852-1860, Death toll: 1 million (approx.), Brief description: Originated in India, reaching Asia, Europe, North America and Africa

Time period: 1889-1890, Death toll: 1 million, Brief description: Influenza pandemic thought to have originated in Bukhara, Central Asia

Time period: Identified in 1981, ongoing, Death toll: 36 million (approx.), Brief description: Virus causing a progressive failure of the immune system

Time period: 541-542 AD, Death toll: 25-100 million, Brief description: Plague pandemic that affected the Byzantine Empire and neighboring ports

Time period: 1918-1919, Death toll: 50 million, Brief description: Influenza pandemic that infected 500 million people worldwide

Time period: 165-180 AD, Death toll: 5 million, Brief description: Ancient pandemic, possibly of smallpox or measles, that affected the Roman Empire

Time period: 1665-1666, Death toll: 100,000, Brief description: Bubonic plague outbreak in London