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A seminal document dating back to ancient Greece that is considered one of the first expressions of medical ethics. It outlines the obligations and proper conduct for physicians, most famously to do no harm.

Formulated by the World Medical Association in 1964, this document established ethical guidelines for medical research involving human subjects, emphasizing the necessity of informed consent.

In healthcare ethics, this refers to the fair and equitable distribution of limited medical resources, often discussed in situations such as organ transplants or during healthcare crises.

Latin for 'First, do no harm,' this guiding principle emphasizes that healthcare providers must consider the possible harm that any intervention might do.

Occurs when a member of the medical community exposes unethical, illegal, or harmful practices, facing a complex ethical dilemma between loyalty to the institution and duty to the public.

Occurs when healthcare professionals are aware of the ethically appropriate action to take but are constrained from taking it, leading to psychological distress.

An infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service, which was unethical in its failure to treat patients appropriately and inform them of their diagnosis.

An ethical concept that recognizes that a beneficial action may result in negative side effects and that such actions are permissible if the harm is not intentional and the benefits outweigh the risks.

The principle that obligates healthcare providers to refrain from harming the patient. It stands alongside beneficence as a core aspect of providing medical care.

Refers to the ability of a patient to make informed and voluntary decisions about their own healthcare, a key element in the application of informed consent.

Developed in response to the medical atrocities during World War II, the Nuremberg Code is a set of ethical principles for human experimentation that mandates consent and the absence of coercion, among other points.

A process by which a patient or research subject is given ample information about a medical procedure or study to make an educated decision on whether to participate.

An ethical principle that refers to the healthcare provider's duty to act in the best interest of the patient, ensuring that all actions are taken with the intent to benefit the patient.

The point at which healthcare providers recognize that further treatment of a patient will have no beneficial effect, often leading to ethical discussions about the continuation of care.

A fundamental principle that ensures patients are treated with respect and that their innate worth as human beings is acknowledged in medical practice.

Published in 1979, it outlines ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects, including the principles of respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

In medical ethics, this principle asserts that patients have the right to make their own decisions regarding their healthcare, without coercion or manipulation.

This ethical principle in medicine asserts that there should be an element of fairness in healthcare distribution and that patients in similar positions should receive similar care.

A fundamental practice in healthcare that ensures that information between a patient and healthcare provider is kept private and disclosed only with the patient's consent or through a valid court order.