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Established a medical school on the island of Kos, and the Hippocratic Oath, c. 400 BCE

Advanced medical knowledge through dissections, influential medical texts, 2nd century CE

Wrote 'The Canon of Medicine', a standard medical text at many medieval universities, c. 1025

Published 'De humani corporis fabrica', a groundbreaking work on human anatomy, 1543

Described the systemic circulation and properties of blood, 17th century

Founder of scientific surgery, established a museum for his collections, 18th century

Introduced antiseptic procedures in obstetrics, mid-19th century

Father of modern surgery, pioneered the use of antiseptic technique, late 19th century

Founded modern nursing, established her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London, 1860

Introduced residency training system, 'The Principles and Practice of Medicine', late 19th - early 20th century

Developed the Montessori method of education, early 20th century

Published the Flexner Report which reformed medical education in the United States and Canada, 1910

Her vigilance in the FDA prevented the thalidomide crisis from affecting the USA, mid-20th century

Developed the Apgar Score for assessing newborn health, 1952