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Advanced medical knowledge through dissections, influential medical texts, 2nd century CE

Established a medical school on the island of Kos, and the Hippocratic Oath, c. 400 BCE

Introduced antiseptic procedures in obstetrics, mid-19th century

Her vigilance in the FDA prevented the thalidomide crisis from affecting the USA, mid-20th century

Developed the Apgar Score for assessing newborn health, 1952

Wrote 'The Canon of Medicine', a standard medical text at many medieval universities, c. 1025

Founder of scientific surgery, established a museum for his collections, 18th century

Founded modern nursing, established her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London, 1860

Published 'De humani corporis fabrica', a groundbreaking work on human anatomy, 1543

Developed the Montessori method of education, early 20th century

Published the Flexner Report which reformed medical education in the United States and Canada, 1910

Discovered prions, a new biological principle of infection, late 20th century

Introduced residency training system, 'The Principles and Practice of Medicine', late 19th - early 20th century

Described the systemic circulation and properties of blood, 17th century