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EPOC refers to the increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous activity, intended to erase the body's 'oxygen debt' and restore it to a resting state. This phenomenon is associated with increased calorie burn post-exercise.

Lactic Acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism, often accumulating during intensive exercise when the oxygen supply is insufficient for the needs of the muscles, leading to muscle fatigue.

Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers, or Type II fibers, are muscle cells that fire quickly and are used in explosive movements like sprints and lifts. They fatigue faster but are integral for short, intense bursts of power and speed.

Cardiac Output is the volume of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute, calculated as the product of heart rate and stroke volume. It is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues during exercise.

VO2 Max refers to the maximum volume of oxygen that an individual can use during intense exercise. It is a measure of aerobic capacity and endurance, often used to assess an athlete's cardiovascular fitness.

Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers, or Type I fibers, are fatigue-resistant muscle cells that work for a long time without tiring. They are most utilized during endurance activities like marathon running or cycling.

Muscle Hypertrophy is the increase in muscle size due to the enlargement of existing muscle fibers. This physiological adaptation occurs as a result of resistance training and is crucial for increasing muscle strength and bulk.

Oxygen Debt, also known as the anaerobic debt, is the amount of extra oxygen needed by the body after exercise to restore the muscle ATP, phosphocreatine, and to clear the lactic acid produced during anaerobic exercise.

Aerobic Exercise involves the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Common examples include running, cycling, and swimming, and it's beneficial for improving cardiovascular health and endurance.

Stroke Volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction. It increases with exercise intensity, contributing to a higher cardiac output.

Anaerobic Exercise refers to short-lasting, high-intensity activity, where the body's demand for oxygen exceeds the oxygen supply available. It relies on energy sources that are stored in the muscles and, unlike aerobic exercise, is not dependent on oxygen.

ATP is the primary energy carrier in all living organisms. In exercise physiology, it is the immediate source of energy for muscle contraction. ATP stores in the muscle last only for a few seconds and must be constantly regenerated during exercise.

Heart Rate Variability is the measure of the variation in time intervals between heartbeats. It is an indicator of autonomic nervous system balance and is used to monitor training status and recovery in athletes.

Glycogen is the stored form of glucose in the body, mainly found in liver and muscle tissues. It serves as an important source of energy for endurance and high-intensity exercise.