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Self-Talk for Performance Enhancement
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Positive Instructional Self-Talk
Involves directives and strategies that improve focus and technique. Example: Reminding oneself 'Stay low and explode off the mark' in a sprint.
Negative Arousal Control Self-Talk
Includes statements that exacerbate stress or lethargy. Example: Panicking and thinking 'I'm too nervous to do well' before an event.
Positive Motivational Self-Talk
This involves affirmations and pep talks that improve an athlete's confidence and motivation. Example: Telling oneself 'I can do this!' before a challenging feat.
Negative Instructional Self-Talk
Contains counter-productive instructions that undermine the execution of skills. Example: Telling oneself 'Don't start too fast' may induce hesitation.
Positive Self-Analysis Self-Talk
This reflects assessments that acknowledge personal progress and reinforce strengths. Example: 'My training is really paying off!' after a good performance.
Positive Arousal Control Self-Talk
Consists of calming or energizing phrases that help regulate emotional state. Example: 'Calm down, focus on your breathing,' to reduce anxiety.
Negative Motivational Self-Talk
Consists of critical or doubtful statements that can decrease an athlete’s motivation. Example: Saying 'I'll never be able to win this'.
Negative Self-Analysis Self-Talk
Entails overly critical assessments that ignore positives and dwell on failures. Example: 'I always mess up under pressure’ post competition.
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