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Flow Theory, although not explicitly about arousal, is related to ZOF in that it describes a state of complete immersion and focus in an activity. When athletes are in flow, they are likely within their ZOF and perform at their best.

Reversal Theory states that the effect of arousal on performance depends on an individual's interpretation of arousal as pleasurable or unpleasant. Arousal can lead to either optimal performance or anxiety based on this interpretation.

The Catastrophe Model suggests that increased arousal improves performance to a point, similar to the Inverted-U Theory, but if cognitive anxiety is also high, a 'catastrophe' can occur, resulting in a rapid decline in performance.

The Zone of Optimal Functioning Model further develops the Inverted-U Theory by recognizing that optimal arousal levels are not the same for every athlete and are instead a zone where they experience flow and peak performance.

Drive Theory states that the relationship between arousal and performance is linear, where increased arousal leads to improved performance due to increased dominance of habitual responses. However, this theory is seen as overly simplistic for explaining athletic performance.

IZOF theory posits that athletes have a personal range of arousal levels where they perform best. This range varies from person to person, suggesting that there is no single level of arousal that is optimal for all athletes. Instead, each athlete must find their own ZOF for peak performance.

According to the Multidimensional Anxiety Theory, both cognitive and somatic anxiety can affect performance. However, cognitive anxiety is negatively related to performance at all times, whereas somatic anxiety follows an inverted-U relationship with performance.