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Anxiety Disorders and Interventions
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Symptoms include persistent and excessive worry about various things, difficulty in controlling the worry, and physical symptoms such as restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance. Counseling treatments involve Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and mindfulness strategies.
Panic Disorder
Symptoms include spontaneous seemingly out-of-the-blue panic attacks and preoccupation with the fear of a recurring attack. Counseling treatments involve exposure therapies, panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, and CBT.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms include intense fear of social situations, fear of being judged or embarrassed in public, and avoidance of social interactions. Counseling treatments involve CBT, exposure therapy, and social skills training.
Specific Phobias
Symptoms are an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation such as heights, spiders, or flying. Counseling treatments include exposure therapy, virtual reality therapy, and systematic desensitization.
Agoraphobia
Symptoms include a significant fear of places where one might have panic-like symptoms or be unable to escape easily, such as crowds or public transportation. Counseling treatments involve exposure therapy, reality therapy, and interoceptive exposure.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms include excessive fear or anxiety about being apart from attachment figures. Counseling treatments involve psychoeducation, CBT, and family therapy.
Selective Mutism
Symptoms include a consistent failure to speak in social situations where there is an expectation to speak, despite speaking in other situations. Counseling treatments involve behavior therapy, CBT, and family therapy.
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms include anxiety or panic attacks due to substance intoxication or withdrawal or exposure to a medication. Counseling involves motivational interviewing, CBT, and providing support for substance abuse treatment.
Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Symptoms are clinically significant anxiety or panic attacks that are directly attributable to a physical health condition. Counseling treatments involve psychoeducation, stress management techniques, and working in conjunction with medical professionals to address the underlying condition.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Symptoms include persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Counseling treatments involve Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), CBT, and sometimes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
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