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The DSM-5 is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, published by the American Psychiatric Association, providing a standardized classification system for mental disorders.

These are a group of conditions that begin in the developmental period, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by abnormalities in one or more of the following five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.

This category includes disorders with alternating episodes of mania and depression, as well as other mood disturbances that do not have this alternating pattern.

Depressive disorders are characterized by the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s capacity to function.

Anxiety disorders include disorders that share features of excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances, such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder.

This category includes disorders featuring the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Body Dysmorphic Disorder, and Hoarding Disorder.

These are disorders in which exposure to a traumatic or stressful event is listed explicitly as a diagnostic criterion, such as PTSD, acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorders.

Dissociative disorders are characterized by a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior.

Somatic symptom disorders are characterized by somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning, as well as excessive and disproportionate thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the symptoms.

These disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning.

Elimination disorders involve the inappropriate elimination of urine or feces and are typically diagnosed in childhood, such as enuresis and encopresis.

These disorders include disturbances in the quantity, quality, or timing of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment, such as insomnia, narcolepsy, and sleep apnea.

Sexual dysfunctions are characterized by a disturbance in the ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure, including disorders such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and female sexual interest/arousal disorder.