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A technique that involves the listener fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and then remembering what is being said. Its purpose is to understand the speaker's message and provide them with emotional support.

These are questions that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no', encouraging the client to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings. The purpose is to gather more information and encourage discussion.

This technique involves the counselor restating or summarizing what a client has said to show understanding. Its purpose is to reassure clients that they are being heard and understood.

A skill used to ensure that the counselor has correctly understood the client's message. It helps in removing ambiguity and confusion.

Responding to emotions expressed by the client rather than the content alone, showing understanding and acceptance of their emotional experience. Helps in establishing a deeper connection.

Bringing together pieces of information to form a cohesive overview. This can help in highlighting progress, reviewing a topic or transitioning between different parts of a conversation.

Asking further questions to gain deeper insight into the client's issue. It helps to uncover underlying problems and encourages a more thorough exploration of issues.

Pointing out discrepancies or contradictions in a client’s behaviors, attitudes, feelings, or thoughts. It is done to help clients gain insight and see things from a different perspective.

When the counselor shares personal experiences or feelings with the client, aiming to enhance the therapeutic relationship and demonstrate empathy and understanding.

Intentionally not speaking to allow space for the client to process their thoughts and feelings. It is a powerful tool that can promote introspection and emotional processing.

Changing the frame of reference for looking at an individual’s situation or viewpoint. It offers a different interpretation of an event or experience to change its meaning.

A technique that reassures the client that their thoughts and feelings are typical and expected under the circumstances. It aims to reduce feelings of alienation and shame.

Acknowledging and accepting the client's thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and experiences. It is important for building trust and empathy in the therapeutic relationship.

Matching the client’s nonverbal behaviors to show understanding and acceptance. It's a nonverbal way to show empathy and create rapport.