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Eating Disorders and Athletes
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Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia can lead to weakened performance due to muscle loss and fatigue. Treatment often involves psychological counseling and nutritional education. Teams can offer support by promoting positive body image and providing resources.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, affecting an athlete's performance. Interventions include therapy, nutritional support, and sometimes medications. Coaches and teammates should foster a non-judgmental support system.
Binge Eating Disorder
This disorder can lead to obesity and related health issues, hindering athletic performance. Treatment may include cognitive-behavioral therapy and weight management programs. Encouragement of healthy eating habits without shaming is crucial for support.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
ARFID can result in insufficient calorie intake and nutrient deficiencies, impairing athletic capability. Management includes therapy and dietary modifications. Supportive environments that respect the athlete's food preferences can facilitate recovery.
Orthorexia
Though not officially recognized, Orthorexia's obsession with 'healthy' eating can lead to nutrient deficiencies and social isolation. Interventions include psychological therapy and education on balanced diets. Inclusive team cultures that avoid demonizing foods can help.
Compulsive Exercise
Compulsive exercise can result in overtraining, injuries, and burnout, negatively impacting performance. Interventions may involve rest, counseling, and structured training programs. Teams should monitor training loads and stress rest and recovery.
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