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Arousal refers to the state of physical and psychological alertness. In sport, optimal arousal levels can enhance performance, such as a sprinter being 'pumped up' before a race.

Motivation is the internal or external drive to achieve goals. In sport, an athlete's motivation might be to win a gold medal at the Olympics.

Self-Efficacy is the belief in one's own ability to succeed in specific situations. An example is a basketball player's confidence in making the last free throw.

Cohesion refers to the bonds that unite group members. In sport, a football team that works well together and supports each other is said to have high team cohesion.

Mental Toughness is the individual's consistency in performance despite challenges and pressure. An example is a marathon runner's ability to maintain focus and endurance despite fatigue.

Flow is the state of complete absorption in an activity to the point of losing self-consciousness. A surfer might experience flow while riding a perfect wave.

Imagery involves using all the senses to create or recreate experiences in the mind. In sport, a skier might visualize the course before a race to improve performance.

Concentration is the ability to maintain focus on relevant cues and avoid distractions. In tennis, a player must concentrate to follow the ball and anticipate the opponent's play.

Stress is the body's response to perceived threats or demands. In sport, an athlete might feel stress due to the high expectations of coaches or spectators.

Burnout is a psychological, emotional, and physical withdrawal from an activity due to prolonged stress or dissatisfaction. An athlete may retire early from their sport due to burnout.

Aggression is behavior intended to harm another individual who is motivated to avoid such treatment. In hockey, a body check could be an act of aggression.

Mastery Climate is an environment that promotes learning, effort, and personal improvement. A youth soccer team encouraged to focus on skill development exemplifies a mastery climate.

Performance Climate is an environment that emphasizes winning and being better than others. A gymnastics team that only rewards those who win medals may create a performance climate.

Group Dynamics refer to the processes involved in the interaction and behavior of people in groups. Understanding group dynamics is important for a coach to effectively manage a sports team.

Intrinsic Motivation is the drive to perform an activity for its own sake, due to internal rewards. A jogger running because they enjoy it is displaying intrinsic motivation.

Extrinsic Motivation is the drive to perform an activity due to external rewards or pressures. When a professional athlete competes for prize money or sponsorship, they are extrinsically motivated.

Biofeedback is the process of gaining awareness and control over one's physiological functions. Athletes may use biofeedback to learn how to relax or energize themselves before competition.

ZOF is the theory that individuals have a specific range of arousal levels where their performance is optimal. A golfer may perform best when relaxed but focused, which is their ZOF.

Attribution Theory explains how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior. A runner may attribute their success in a race to hard training (internal attribution) or to the poor performance of competitors (external attribution).