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Enhances plant resistance to soil-borne pathogens. Modes of action include improved nutrient uptake, competition with pathogenic microbes, and enhanced plant immune response.

Targets seed and soil-borne pathogens such as Pythium. Mode of action includes mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and competition for nutrients and space.

Targets Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative agent of crown gall disease. Mode of action predominantly involves antibiosis through production of agrocin 84.

Targets fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Modes of action involve antibiosis, niche exclusion, and induced systemic resistance in plants.

Targets root pathogens such as Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, and Pythium. Mode of action includes antibiosis and the production of metabolites that suppress the growth of the pathogens.

Targets various lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran pests. Modes of action include gut paralysis followed by sepsis due to crystalline endotoxin proteins.

Targets a wide range of insects, including termites, thrips, and locusts. Mode of action involves cuticle penetration and utilization of internal host tissues.

Targets Botrytis cinerea, the agent of gray mold. Mode of action includes competition for space and nutrients, as well as possibly antibiosis.

Targets powdery mildew fungi. Mode of action includes hyperparasitism, where the biocontrol agent grows directly on the pathogen, debilitating its structure and function.

Targets Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causing white mold. Mode of action includes mycoparasitism, in which it parasitizes the fungal resting structures called sclerotia.

Targets a range of fungal pathogens. Modes of action include competition, mycoparasitism, and enzyme production that breaks down the cell walls of the pathogens.

Targets root pathogens such as Fusarium and Pythium. Modes of action include antibiosis, siderophore production, and induced systemic resistance.

Targets Fusarium and other fungal pathogens. Modes of action include antibiosis due to the production of phenazines, induced systemic resistance, and competition for nutrients.

Combats a variety of pathogens including Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. Mode of action comprises antibiosis, enzyme secretion that degrades pathogenic fungal cell walls, and induced systemic resistance.

Targets insects such as whiteflies, aphids, and beetles. Mode of action includes infection through the cuticle, followed by growth inside the host, leading to disease and death.

Targets various insect larvae. Mode of action involves entering the host body, releasing symbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp.), and killing the host through bacterial toxins.

Targets pathogens like Botrytis and Phytophthora. Mode of action includes competition, antibiosis, and induction of plant resistance mechanisms.

Targets nematodes, especially root-knot nematodes. Mode of action includes egg parasitism, where the fungus invades, parasitizes, and ultimately destroys nematode eggs.

Targets scale insects, whiteflies, aphids, and thrips. Mode of action includes spore germination on the insect, cuticle penetration, and subsequent internal colonization.