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Molecular Tools in Plant Breeding
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RNA Interference (RNAi)
It is used for gene silencing to reduce the expression of undesirable traits.
Tissue Culture and Micropropagation
Enables the rapid multiplication of plants with desired traits and the regeneration of plants from engineered cells.
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)
Exploited in breeding to produce sterile male lines necessary for the production of hybrid seeds.
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Mapping
Helps in identifying specific regions of the genome associated with quantitative traits, such as yield or drought tolerance.
Transcriptomics
Analyzes the complete set of RNA transcripts to study gene expression related to various traits and environmental responses.
Reverse Breeding
Aims to produce parental lines with a known genetic composition, allowing the reconstruction of hybrid varieties.
Germplasm Screening
Uses molecular markers to assess the genetic diversity within a germplasm collection to identify valuable alleles for breeding.
Genetic Markers
Used to identify desired traits at the DNA level, enabling the selection of offspring with specific genetic profiles.
Polyploidization
The production of plants with multiple sets of chromosomes, which can result in increased vigor and novel traits.
Molecular Markers in Phylogenetics
Analyzes the evolutionary relationships between different plant species to inform the selection of breeding materials.
Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)
It is utilized to select plants carrying desired genetic markers, thus speeding up the breeding process.
Mutagenesis
Introduces random mutations into the genome to create new genetic variation and potentially beneficial traits.
Bioinformatics
Uses computational tools to analyze and understand biological data, facilitating the interpretation of complex genetic information for breeding.
Genetic Transformation
Involves the direct introduction of new DNA into a plant's genome, often to convey a trait like pest resistance.
Metabolomics
Focuses on the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that cellular processes leave behind.
Proteomics
The study of the proteome to uncover protein functions and interactions relevant to plant traits and stress responses.
Genome Editing using CRISPR-Cas9
It allows for precise modifications in the plant's DNA to introduce beneficial traits or remove undesirable ones.
Genome Sequencing
Determines the complete DNA sequence of a plant's genome, providing a comprehensive resource for breeding programs.
Genomic Selection
Uses whole-genome data to predict the breeding value of plants and select those with the highest potential.
Double Haploid Technology
Produces homozygous plants in a single generation, dramatically speeding up the breeding cycle.
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