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Soil Microbiology and Crop Health

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Rhizobium spp.

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Fix atmospheric nitrogen, symbiotic relationship with legumes, improve soil fertility

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Nitrobacter spp.

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Oxidizes nitrite to nitrate, important for nitrification, facilitate plant nutrient uptake

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Glomus spp.

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Form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations, improve phosphorous uptake, enhance plant stress tolerance

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Serratia spp.

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Plant growth promotion, phosphate solubilization, antagonism against harmful microbes

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Clostridium spp.

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Capable of nitrogen fixation, decompose organic material, contribute to soil fertility

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Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)

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Solubilize inorganic phosphate, make it available to plants, promote root development

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Mycorrhizal fungi

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Enhance nutrient uptake, drought resistance, protect against pathogens

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Actinomycetes

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Decompose organic matter, antibiotic production, improve soil structure

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Azotobacter spp.

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Free-living nitrogen fixer, secrete growth-promoting substances, biocontrol agent

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Denitrifying bacteria

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Convert nitrate to nitrogen gas, involved in nitrogen cycling, can cause loss of soil fertility

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Trichoderma spp.

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Enhance plant immunity, promote root growth, antagonistic to plant pathogens

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Streptomyces spp.

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Decompose tough plant materials, produce antibiotics, improve soil health

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Paenibacillus polymyxa

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Nitrogen fixation, produce enzymes and antimicrobial compounds, plant growth promotion

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Pseudomonas spp.

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Suppress soil-borne pathogens, promote root growth, improve nutrient availability

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Frankia spp.

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Nitrogen fixation with actinorhizal plants, improve soil nitrogen content, form nodules

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Azospirillum spp.

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Associative nitrogen fixation, promote plant growth, enhance root development

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Bacillus spp.

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Produce antibiotics and enzymes, promote plant growth, biocontrol potential

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Nitrosomonas spp.

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Oxidizes ammonia to nitrite, important for nitrification, influence nitrogen cycle

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Cyanobacteria

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Photosynthetic fixation of CO2, nitrogen fixation, contribute to soil aggregation

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Entomopathogenic fungi

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Biocontrol agents against insect pests, reduce pesticide use, promote sustainable agriculture

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