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Soil Microbiology and Crop Health
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Rhizobium spp.
Fix atmospheric nitrogen, symbiotic relationship with legumes, improve soil fertility
Mycorrhizal fungi
Enhance nutrient uptake, drought resistance, protect against pathogens
Azospirillum spp.
Associative nitrogen fixation, promote plant growth, enhance root development
Azotobacter spp.
Free-living nitrogen fixer, secrete growth-promoting substances, biocontrol agent
Pseudomonas spp.
Suppress soil-borne pathogens, promote root growth, improve nutrient availability
Bacillus spp.
Produce antibiotics and enzymes, promote plant growth, biocontrol potential
Actinomycetes
Decompose organic matter, antibiotic production, improve soil structure
Nitrosomonas spp.
Oxidizes ammonia to nitrite, important for nitrification, influence nitrogen cycle
Nitrobacter spp.
Oxidizes nitrite to nitrate, important for nitrification, facilitate plant nutrient uptake
Trichoderma spp.
Enhance plant immunity, promote root growth, antagonistic to plant pathogens
Clostridium spp.
Capable of nitrogen fixation, decompose organic material, contribute to soil fertility
Streptomyces spp.
Decompose tough plant materials, produce antibiotics, improve soil health
Paenibacillus polymyxa
Nitrogen fixation, produce enzymes and antimicrobial compounds, plant growth promotion
Glomus spp.
Form arbuscular mycorrhizal associations, improve phosphorous uptake, enhance plant stress tolerance
Serratia spp.
Plant growth promotion, phosphate solubilization, antagonism against harmful microbes
Frankia spp.
Nitrogen fixation with actinorhizal plants, improve soil nitrogen content, form nodules
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)
Solubilize inorganic phosphate, make it available to plants, promote root development
Denitrifying bacteria
Convert nitrate to nitrogen gas, involved in nitrogen cycling, can cause loss of soil fertility
Entomopathogenic fungi
Biocontrol agents against insect pests, reduce pesticide use, promote sustainable agriculture
Cyanobacteria
Photosynthetic fixation of CO2, nitrogen fixation, contribute to soil aggregation
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