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Hydrocarbon pollution; uses enzymes to degrade hydrocarbons present in contaminated soils or water.

Nitrogen pollution; fixes atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use, reducing the need for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); introduces enzymes that can break down PAHs into less harmful substances.

Pollution by lignin and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs); employs enzymes like lignin peroxidase to breakdown complex organic molecules.

Excess phosphorus; a water fern that absorbs phosphorus, acting as a biofilter and preventing eutrophication.

Contaminated sediments and water with metal ions; reduces metal ions through anaerobic respiration to less soluble forms that precipitate out of solution.

Heavy metal pollution, especially lead; uptakes heavy metals from the soil through a process called phytoextraction.

Carbon dioxide pollution; performs photosynthesis, consuming CO2 and releasing oxygen, can help in reducing greenhouse gases.

Radioactive waste; known for its resistance to ionizing radiation and can be engineered to metabolize toxic materials in nuclear waste.

Contaminants like trichloroethylene (TCE); phytoextraction and phytodegradation to remove organic pollutants from soil and groundwater.

Sulfide pollution; oxidizes sulfides to sulfates, thereby reducing the acidity of contaminated environments.