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CEA uses technologies such as greenhouses, hydroponics, and aquaponics to create optimal growing conditions. It allows year-round production and can significantly reduce water and resource use.

Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry techniques to create more diverse, productive, and sustainable land-use systems. It can boost wildlife habitat, stabilize soils, and enhance carbon sequestration.

Conservation tillage reduces the amount of tillage, sometimes to zero, which can preserve soil structure, reduce erosion, and build soil organic matter.

Rotational grazing involves rotating livestock through different paddocks to prevent overgrazing, enhance forage growth, and improve soil health. This leads to better water infiltration and nutrient distribution.

Crop rotation involves alternating the species of crops grown on a piece of land each season. It can improve soil health, reduce pest pressure, and increase biodiversity.

Precision agriculture utilizes information technology and a wide range of items such as GPS guidance, control systems, sensors, robotics, drones, autonomous vehicles, variable rate technology, GPS-based soil sampling, and automated hardware. It enhances efficiency by optimizing inputs and outputs, leading to increased crop yields and reduced environmental footprint.

Organic farming excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, hormones, and genetically modified organisms. It fosters soil health, reduces pollution, and conserves water and resources.

Improving livestock breeds through selective breeding or genetic techniques can increase their resilience to climate change, reduce their methane emissions, and improve productivity and resource use efficiency.

Drought-tolerant crops are bred or genetically modified to endure arid conditions. They minimize yield loss during droughts and reduce the need for water-intensive irrigation.

Rainwater harvesting collects and stores rainwater for agricultural use. It reduces dependence on unreliable rainfall patterns and can improve water availability for crops during dry spells.

Cover cropping involves growing plants for the benefit of the soil rather than the harvest. It prevents erosion, improves soil structure, and can reduce nutrient leaching.

IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, and use of resistant varieties. It minimizes the use of pesticides and lowers the risk of developing pest resistance.

Biochar is a stable solid rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years. When used as a soil amendment, it can significantly increase soil carbon storage, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance crop yields.

These systems integrate crop and livestock production to create synergies between the two. They can recycle nutrients, improve soil structure and fertility, and increase farm profitability.

Mulching involves applying a layer of material over the soil surface to conserve moisture, reduce weed growth, and improve soil quality. It moderates soil temperature and helps prevent erosion.

Nutrient management entails the strategic use of fertilizers and amendments to meet crop needs while minimizing runoff and leaching. It promotes soil fertility and reduces water pollution.

Climate-smart soil management involves practices such as no-till farming, using organic soil amendments, and growing leguminous crops to fix nitrogen. It aims to improve soil resilience to climate change and increase carbon sequestration.