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A technique where anthers are used to develop haploid plants through tissue culture that can be used for breeding programs.

Prevention of contamination in tissue culture by using sterile equipment and aseptic procedures.

The process of forming new organs such as roots and shoots from callus or explants.

Transfer of cultured tissue to fresh media to provide new nutrients and space for continued growth.

Methods to prevent biological contamination by microbes or foreign DNA in the tissue culture.

Nutrient-rich solution containing essential elements for the growth and development of the cultured tissue.

The insertion or modification of genes within the cultured tissue to obtain desired traits.

A bioreactor system where plant tissues are intermittently immersed in nutrient medium allowing for efficient nutrient uptake and gas exchange.

Choosing a specific piece of tissue from a plant or animal to culture, which can influence the growth and differentiation of the culture.

Development of embryos from somatic or non-germ cells, which can then be used to generate whole plants.

Regulating light cycles to simulate day and night, which affects the growth and development of cultures.

A technique where immature or weak embryos are cultured to bypass seed dormancy or save hybrids that might not survive on their own.

Process of gradually acclimatizing tissue-cultured plants to external conditions before transferring them to soil.

The process of inducing undifferentiated cell mass from explant tissues that can be used for plant regeneration or for genetic modifications.

The cloning of plants by culturing a very small amount of tissue, which can produce thousands of plants from a single explant.

Long-term storage of plant or animal tissue at ultra-low temperatures, typically in liquid nitrogen.

The regulation of the pH level of the culture medium to an appropriate range for optimal tissue growth and development.

The absorption of essential minerals and vitamins from the culture medium, which are necessary for cell growth and metabolism.

Chemicals such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins used to regulate the growth and development in plant tissue cultures.