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Molecular Cloning Techniques

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs)

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Cloning vectors designed to propagate large inserts of DNA in bacteria, usually E. coli, with more stability than other bacterial vectors because of their low copy number.

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Shotgun Cloning

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A method used to randomly clone pieces of DNA which are then screened to find the desired sequence. Often used in sequencing genomes.

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TOPO Cloning

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This cloning method utilizes the properties of topoisomerase I to join DNA fragments in a simple, one-step reaction that does not require DNA ligase.

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cDNA Cloning

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Cloning of complementary DNA (cDNA) is a method used to clone the mRNA (messenger RNA). It involves reverse transcription of mRNA into cDNA.

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Site-Directed Mutagenesis

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This is a molecular biology method that is used to make specific and intentional changes to the DNA sequence of a gene and its products.

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Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YACs)

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Cloning vectors derived from the DNA elements of yeast chromosomes that can replicate and segregate as artificial chromosomes in yeast cells.

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Recombinant DNA Technology

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This process involves combining DNA from different sources and inserting them into a host organism to produce new genetic combinations that are valuable for science, medicine, agriculture, and industry.

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Molecular Cloning

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A set of experimental methods used to assemble recombinant DNA and to direct its replication within a host organism.

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Gateway Cloning

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A molecular biology method that enables the transfer of DNA fragments between different cloning vectors through recombination.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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A technique to amplify a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

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