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Systems Biology Concepts

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Phosphorylation

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A biochemical process that involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, commonly a protein, which can activate or deactivate enzymes and receptors.

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Omics

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Fields of study in biology, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, characterized by the comprehensive analysis of the complete set of biological molecules.

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Synthetic Biology

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A branch of biology and engineering that constructs new biological parts, devices, and systems or re-design existing natural biological systems for useful purposes.

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Systems Biology

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An interdisciplinary field of studying complex interactions within biological systems, aimed at understanding how they function as a whole.

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Multiscale Modeling

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A modeling technique that combines multiple biological scales, from molecular to organism level, to understand complex biological systems and phenomena.

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Cell Signaling

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The process of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions, ensuring that cells respond appropriately to their environment.

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Metabolic Pathway

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A series of chemical reactions within a cell that lead to the conversion of substrates into products, often regulated by enzymes.

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Bioinformatics

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The application of computer technology to the management and analysis of biological data, allowing the discovery of new biological insights and unifying principles.

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Next-generation Sequencing (NGS)

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A high-throughput methodology that allows for the sequencing of DNA and RNA much more quickly and cheaply than the previously used Sanger sequencing.

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Transcriptomics

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The study of the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time, providing insights into gene expression patterns and functions.

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Epigenetics

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The study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.

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Flux Balance Analysis (FBA)

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A mathematical method for modeling metabolism in which a steady-state of metabolite concentrations is assumed, enabling the prediction of reaction rates.

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Microarray Analysis

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A technique used to measure the expression levels of a large number of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.

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Gene Regulatory Network (GRN)

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A collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.

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Proteomics

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The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. It's a key component of systems biology.

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