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Systems Biology Concepts
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Phosphorylation
A biochemical process that involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, commonly a protein, which can activate or deactivate enzymes and receptors.
Omics
Fields of study in biology, such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, characterized by the comprehensive analysis of the complete set of biological molecules.
Synthetic Biology
A branch of biology and engineering that constructs new biological parts, devices, and systems or re-design existing natural biological systems for useful purposes.
Systems Biology
An interdisciplinary field of studying complex interactions within biological systems, aimed at understanding how they function as a whole.
Multiscale Modeling
A modeling technique that combines multiple biological scales, from molecular to organism level, to understand complex biological systems and phenomena.
Cell Signaling
The process of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions, ensuring that cells respond appropriately to their environment.
Metabolic Pathway
A series of chemical reactions within a cell that lead to the conversion of substrates into products, often regulated by enzymes.
Bioinformatics
The application of computer technology to the management and analysis of biological data, allowing the discovery of new biological insights and unifying principles.
Next-generation Sequencing (NGS)
A high-throughput methodology that allows for the sequencing of DNA and RNA much more quickly and cheaply than the previously used Sanger sequencing.
Transcriptomics
The study of the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time, providing insights into gene expression patterns and functions.
Epigenetics
The study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.
Flux Balance Analysis (FBA)
A mathematical method for modeling metabolism in which a steady-state of metabolite concentrations is assumed, enabling the prediction of reaction rates.
Microarray Analysis
A technique used to measure the expression levels of a large number of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome.
Gene Regulatory Network (GRN)
A collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.
Proteomics
The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. It's a key component of systems biology.
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