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Protein Domains
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SH2 Domain
Function: Binds to phosphorylated tyrosines. Example Proteins: Src homology 2 (SH2) containing proteins like Src and Grb2.
PH Domain
Function: Binds to phosphoinositides. Example Proteins: Pleckstrin, DAPP1.
SH3 Domain
Function: Binds to proline-rich sequences. Example Proteins: Abl and Src tyrosine kinases.
HLH Domain
Function: Mediates protein dimerization. Example Proteins: MyoD, E47.
LIM Domain
Function: Protein-protein interactions & localization. Example Proteins: LIM kinases, LMO proteins.
WW Domain
Function: Binds to proline-rich peptide sequences. Example Proteins: YAP1, dystrophin.
Zinc Finger Domain
Function: DNA or RNA binding. Example Proteins: Steroid hormone receptors, GATA transcription factors.
Calcium-binding EF-hand Domain
Function: Calcium ion binding and signal transduction. Example Proteins: Calmodulin, Troponin C.
Ig Domain
Function: Immunoglobulin binding and cell adhesion. Example Proteins: Antibodies, T cell receptors.
Death Domain
Function: Mediates apoptosis signaling. Example Proteins: FADD, TNFR1.
Tetratricopeptide Repeat (TPR) Domain
Function: Protein-protein interactions, often in multiprotein complexes. Example Proteins: Hsp70 interacting protein (HIP), Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5).
KRAB Domain
Function: Transcriptional repression. Example Proteins: KOX1, ZNF10.
PDZ Domain
Function: Mediates protein-protein interactions. Example Proteins: PSD-95, GRIP1.
ARM Domain
Function: Protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Example Proteins: Beta-catenin, APC.
PAS Domain
Function: Environmental sensing; dimerization. Example Proteins: HIF-1α, ARNT.
TIR Domain
Function: Involved in innate immunity signaling. Example Proteins: Toll-like receptors, IL-1 receptors.
HEAT Domain
Function: Protein-protein interactions. Example Proteins: Importins, PR65/A subunit of PP2A.
BTB Domain
Function: Protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation. Example Proteins: BCL6, KCTD proteins.
Forkhead Box Domain
Function: DNA binding and transcription regulation. Example Proteins: FOXO1, FOXP2.
Homeobox Domain
Function: DNA binding and gene regulation in development. Example Proteins: Hox genes, PAX6.
FYVE Domain
Function: Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding. Example Proteins: EEA1, Hrs.
Leucine Zipper Domain
Function: Protein dimerization and DNA binding. Example Proteins: C/EBP, JUN.
Ankyrin Repeat Domain
Function: Protein-protein interactions. Example Proteins: Notch, IκB proteins.
SAM Domain
Function: Protein-protein interaction & signaling. Example Proteins: Ephrin receptors, SAMSN1.
Kelch Domain
Function: Protein-protein interactions. Example Proteins: Keap1, Gal-4.
Von Willebrand Factor Type A (VWA) Domain
Function: Mediates adhesion and migration. Example Proteins: Von Willebrand factor, Integrins.
PTB Domain
Function: Binds to phosphorylated tyrosines. Example Proteins: Insulin receptor substrate proteins.
RING Domain
Function: Mediates E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Example Proteins: MDM2, BRCA1.
Bromodomain
Function: Binds acetylated lysine residues. Example Proteins: BRD4, PCAF.
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