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A chemical bond forming the linkage between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3' -OH group of another nucleotide. It's a key part of forming the structural backbone of DNA and RNA.

A five-carbon sugar molecule found in DNA. It forms part of the backbone of DNA, connecting to the phosphate group and nitrogenous base. It differs from ribose by lacking an oxygen atom at carbon 2.

Weak bonds that form between the nitrogenous bases of DNA strands. Adenine pairs with Thymine by forming two hydrogen bonds, while Guanine pairs with Cytosine through three hydrogen bonds.

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base covalently attached to a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) but without a phosphate group. A nucleotide is a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups covalently attached to the sugar's 5' carbon.

A type of nitrogenous base with a double-ring structure. Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are purines. They pair with pyrimidines in the DNA structure.

A five-carbon sugar molecule that is a component of RNA. It differs from deoxyribose by having an OH group on the second carbon in the ring.

A molecular group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms ($PO_4^3-$). It links the 3' carbon of one sugar molecule to the 5' carbon of the next, forming part of the sugar-phosphate backbone.

A type of nitrogenous base with a single-ring structure. Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), and Uracil (U) are pyrimidines. They pair with purines in the DNA or RNA structure.

The three-dimensional structure of DNA, which consists of two strands of nucleotides winding around each other in a right-handed spiral. The strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.