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Breast Imaging Fundamentals

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Focal Asymmetry

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Slight density difference that's visible on two mammographic views; if persistent, can indicate a developing mass.

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Dense Breasts

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Breasts with high proportion of fibroglandular tissue to fat; increases cancer risk and can make it harder to detect tumors on mammography.

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Mass

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Area of abnormal tissue; characteristics determine likelihood of benignity or malignancy (shape, margins, density).

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BIRADS

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Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System; a standardized breast imaging assessment and reporting system indicating the risk of cancer.

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Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS)

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A condition indicating abnormal cell growth in the lobules of the breast; not cancer but increases risk of developing breast cancer in the future.

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Microcalcifications

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Small calcium deposits within the breast tissue; can be benign or indicate presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer.

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Fibroglandular Tissue

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Dense breast tissue comprising fibrous connective tissue and glandular tissue; can obscure masses, making detection of abnormalities more difficult.

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Skin Thickening

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Increased thickness of skin on the breast; can be due to conditions such as edema, infection, or inflammatory breast cancer.

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Intramammary Lymph Nodes

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Normal lymph nodes within the breast tissue; typically benign but can sometimes be reactive or have focal calcifications.

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Ultrasound Correlation

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Use of breast ultrasound in conjunction with mammography to further evaluate abnormalities and characterize lesions.

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Architectural Distortion

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Alteration of breast tissue structure without a definite mass; suggests potential pathology such as cancer or radial scars.

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Asymmetric Breast Tissue

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Breast tissue that appears more prominent or dense on one side; may be normal or due to overlapping tissue, requires further evaluation.

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Radial Scar

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Benign breast lesion that radiates from a central point; can be associated with malignancy and usually warrants biopsy.

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Pleomorphic Calcifications

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Calcifications with variations in shape and size; associated with a higher risk of malignancy.

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Fat Necrosis

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Benign condition where there's death of fatty tissue, often appearing as calcifications or a mass; can mimic cancer on mammograms.

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MRI of the Breast

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Advanced imaging technique using magnetic resonance for detailed breast tissue examination; highly sensitive for cancer detection, especially in dense breasts.

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Ductal Dilatation

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Enlargement of the milk ducts; may indicate an underlying condition such as duct ectasia or intraductal pathology.

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Magnification Views

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A specialized mammography technique that enlarges a specific area; helps in characterizing calcifications and evaluating lesion margins.

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Cooper's Ligament Thickening

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Thickening of the connective tissue supporting the breasts; can be associated with edema, inflammation, or cancer.

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Spot Compression

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A mammography technique that compresses a small area of the breast to improve image quality; useful for characterizing masses and architectural distortions.

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Lymph Node Calcifications

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Calcium deposits within lymph nodes; typically benign but may occasionally be associated with metastatic disease.

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Global Asymmetry

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Increased volume of breast tissue in one breast compared to the other; if new or enlarging, necessitates further investigation.

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Breast Asymmetry

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Differences in the size, shape, or density of breast tissue between the two breasts; can be normal or may indicate pathology.

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Skin Retraction

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Inward pulling of the skin on the breast; often represents an underlying mass or cancer causing tethering of the skin.

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Suspicious Calcifications

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Calcium deposits with patterns suggesting malignancy, requiring biopsy to rule out DCIS or invasive carcinoma.

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Oil Cyst

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Benign, well-defined, lucent lesion with possible calcifications; often a sequela of fat necrosis.

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Nipple Retraction

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Inward pulling of the nipple; can be a benign finding or indicate underlying pathology such as malignancy.

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Benign Calcifications

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Calcium deposits with specific patterns suggesting non-cancerous conditions, such as vascular calcifications, dermal calcifications, or cysts.

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Axillary Adenopathy

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Enlargement of axillary (underarm) lymph nodes; can be a response to infection or a sign of metastatic disease.

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Hamartoma

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A benign, tumor-like growth of normal breast tissue components; also known as a 'breast mouse,' it's usually well-circumscribed.

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