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Cardiothoracic Imaging Points

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Pneumothorax

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Visceral pleural line with absence of lung markings

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Pneumonia

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Consolidation, air bronchograms, pleural effusions

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Pulmonary Edema

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Batwing pattern or butterfly pattern, Kerley B lines

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Pulmonary Emphysema

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Hyperinflation, flattened diaphragm, increased retrosternal space

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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

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Cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, Kerley B lines

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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

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Enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle, prominent pulmonary artery

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Pleural Plaque

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Well-circumscribed areas of increased density, often calcified, bilateral and symmetric

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Silicosis

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Multiple small round nodular opacities, 'eggshell' calcification of hilar lymph nodes, progressive massive fibrosis

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COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

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Hyperinflation, flattened diaphragm, increased retrosternal airspace

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Aortic Stenosis

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Post-stenotic dilation of the ascending aorta, calcification of the aortic valve, left ventricular hypertrophy

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Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

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Collapse of the lung with no underlying lung disease

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Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax

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Collapse of the lung due to underlying lung disease

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Cystic Fibrosis

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Hyperinflation, mucus plugging, bronchiectasis

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Pleural Mesothelioma

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Diffuse pleural thickening, mass-like lesions, pleural effusions

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Bronchiectasis

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Dilated and thickened airways, 'tram track' sign, 'signet ring' sign

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Pulmonary Fibrosis

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Honeycombing, reticular opacities, traction bronchiectasis

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Pulmonary Hypertension

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Dilated pulmonary arteries, right ventricular enlargement, peripheral arterial pruning

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Pleural Effusion

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Blunting of the costophrenic angle, meniscus sign, dependent opacities

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Tuberculosis

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Cavitary lesions, Ghon focus, Ranke complex

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Tension Pneumothorax

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Collapsed lung, mediastinal shift to the contralateral side, depressed diaphragm

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Lung Cancer

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Solitary pulmonary nodule or mass, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, atelectasis

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Interstitial Lung Disease

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Reticular opacities, ground glass opacities, honeycombing

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Sarcoidosis

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Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, reticular opacities, parenchymal nodules

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Mitral Stenosis

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Straightening of the left heart border, enlargement of the left atrium, pulmonary vascular congestion

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Mitral Valve Prolapse

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Enlarged left atrium, mitral valve leaflet thickening and redundancy

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Aortic Dissection

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Widened mediastinum, displacement of aortic calcification, intimal flap

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Cardiomyopathy

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Cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, pleural effusions

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Coarctation of the Aorta

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Rib notching, 'figure 3' sign on aortography, dilated intercostal arteries

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Pericardial Effusion

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Water bottle heart shape, clear lung fields, obscured cardiac silhouette

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