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Radiology

Differential Diagnoses in Radiology

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Ivory vertebra sign on spine X-ray

Paget's disease of bone, Osteoblastic metastases, Hodgkin lymphoma

Schmorl's nodes on spine X-ray

Degenerative disc disease, Scheuermann's disease, Trauma

Tram-track sign on CT or ultrasound

Polycystic kidney disease, Chronic glomerulonephritis, Medullary sponge kidney

Eggshell calcification in mediastinal lymph nodes on chest X-ray

Silicosis, Sarcoidosis, Tuberculosis

Bird's beak sign on barium swallow

Achalasia, Esophageal carcinoma, Chagas disease

Hot cross bun sign on MRI

Multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, Diffuse Lewy body disease

Anteater nose sign on foot X-ray

Talus fracture, Anterior process calcaneus fracture, Talocalcaneal coalition

Bat wing appearance on chest X-ray

Pulmonary edema, Alveolar hemorrhage, Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Ground-glass opacification on HRCT

Interstitial pneumonia, Pulmonary edema, Alveolar hemorrhage

Crescent sign on bone X-ray

Avascular necrosis, Osteochondritis dissecans, Subchondral fracture

Sunburst pattern on bone X-ray

Osteosarcoma, Hemangioma, Chondrosarcoma

Thumbprinting on abdominal X-ray

Ischemic colitis, Pseudomembranous colitis, Heavy metal poisoning

Halo sign on chest CT

Invasive aspergillosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Lymphoma

Pancake kidney on abdominal CT

Renal fusion anomaly, Horseshoe kidney, Crossed renal ectopia

Tree-in-bud appearance on CT

Endobronchial tuberculosis, Bronchiolitis, Cystic Fibrosis

Lemon sign on fetal ultrasound

Chiari II malformation, Spina bifida, Meningomyelocele

Codman's triangle on bone X-ray

Osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Periosteal osteosarcoma

Vertebral plana on spine X-ray

Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Metastatic disease, Multiple myeloma

Double bubble sign on abdominal X-ray

Duodenal atresia, Annular pancreas, Malrotation with volvulus

Cannonball metastases on chest X-ray

Renal cell carcinoma, Choriocarcinoma, Melanoma

Apple-core lesion of the colon

Colorectal carcinoma, Lymphoma, Metastatic lesions

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on MRI

Brain abscess, Metastatic cancer, Glioblastoma multiforme

Soap bubble appearance on bone X-ray

Giant cell tumor, Aneurysmal bone cyst, Fibrous dysplasia

Target sign on abdominal CT

Intussusception, Crohn's disease, Lymphoma

Sail sign on chest X-ray

Enlarged thymus, Teratoma, Lymphoma

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest X-ray

Sarcoidosis, Lymphoma, Tuberculosis

Cottage loaf sign on abdominal ultrasound

Hydatid cyst, Hepatic abscess, Amoebic abscess

Pencil-in-cup deformity on hand X-ray

Psoriatic arthritis, Arthritis mutilans, Rheumatoid arthritis

Salt and pepper skull on X-ray

Hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease of bone, Bone metastases

Honeycombing on HRCT of the chest

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Asbestosis

String sign on abdominal X-ray

Crohn's disease, Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Intestinal tuberculosis

Stepladder sign on abdominal X-ray

Small bowel obstruction, Paralytic ileus, Crohn's disease

Olive sign on abdominal ultrasound

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Pyloric spasm, Gastric outlet obstruction

Lead pipe appearance of the colon on barium enema

Ulcerative colitis, Pseudomembranous colitis, Chronic ischemic colitis

String of pearls sign on breast ultrasound

Fibrocystic changes, Multiple cysts, Intraductal papilloma

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