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Presence of air in the pleural space; seen as a line of increased lucency; lung margin is visible distinct from the chest wall.

Interstitial and alveolar infiltrates, Kerley B lines, Bat wing or butterfly pattern of opacities.

Consolidation, air bronchograms, increased opacity.

Hyperinflated lungs, flattened diaphragm, increased retrosternal airspace, bullae.

Cardiomegaly, interstitial edema, pleural effusion, Kerley B lines.

Westermark sign, Hampton's hump, Fleischner sign, may be normal.

Cavitary lesions, Ghon complexes, miliary pattern on chest radiograph.

Widened mediastinum, abnormal aortic contour, possible calcifications.

Discontinuity in bony cortex, abnormal angulation, soft tissue swelling.

Joint space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cysts.

Reduced bone density, vertebral compression fractures, cortical thinning.

Punched-out lytic lesions, diffuse osteopenia, pathological fractures.

Enlarged liver silhouette on abdominal radiographs, displacement of adjacent organs.

Echogenic foci with posterior acoustic shadowing on ultrasound, may have calcified gallstones on X-ray.

Appendix diameter > 6mm on ultrasound, periappendiceal fat stranding on CT, appendicolith.

Pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic stranding, pancreatic calcifications.

Dilated loops of small bowel, air-fluid levels, stack of coins or string of pearls sign on X-ray.

Hyperdense area on CT, surrounding edema, mass effect with possible midline shift.

Ventricular enlargement, transependymal flow of CSF, 'sunset eyes' sign.

Extra-axial mass, dural tail sign, broad-based attachment to dura.

Fracture or misalignment of cervical vertebrae, prevertebral soft tissue swelling, widening of interspinous space.

Rounded opacities, can be solitary or multiple, size varies, may have calcifications.

Reticular or nodular pattern, honeycombing, ground-glass opacities.

Mass with spiculated margins, microcalcifications, architectural distortion.

Blunting of costophrenic angle, meniscus sign, homogeneous opacity.

Focal dilation of the abdominal aorta, possible calcification of the aneurysm wall, retroperitoneal hematoma in rupture.

Radiopaque stones on X-ray or CT, hydronephrosis, ureteral dilation.

Esophageal thickening on CT, stricture, hiatal hernia.

Bowel wall thickening, 'string sign' in Crohn's, 'lead pipe' appearance in ulcerative colitis.

Mass effect, contrast enhancement, surrounding edema.

Opacification of affected sinus, mucosal thickening, air-fluid level.

Anterior displacement of a vertebra, widening of the intervertebral disc space, possible neural foraminal narrowing.

Periosteal reaction, bone destruction, sequestrum and involucrum formation.

Well-defined, round or oval breast mass, may be multiple, homogeneous density.