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Mucosal thickening, air-fluid levels, and opacification of the sinus

Soft-tissue mass in the nasopharynx, bone destruction, and potential cervical lymphadenopathy

Multiple white matter lesions, often periventricular, with Dawson’s fingers appearance on MRI

Opacification and coalescent destruction of the mastoid air cells, can cause a periosteal reaction

Thickened aryepiglottic folds, 'thumbprint' sign of the swollen epiglottis on lateral neck X-ray

Saccular outpouching noted particularly near arterial branch points, may have calcification

Narrowing of the carotid artery lumen with or without calcified plaques on Doppler ultrasound

Periapical radiolucency, may see loss of the lamina dura and spread to surrounding bone

Paraganglioma that shows up as a soft-tissue mass with irregular bone destruction and intense enhancement

Heterogeneous gland with increased vascularity on Doppler ultrasound

Inflammation of the eye tissues, with proptosis, fat stranding, and thickened extraocular muscles

MRI may show enhancement of the facial nerve, though often imaging is normal

Irregular mass in the larynx, may cause airway narrowing or vocal cord paralysis

Tonsillar hypertrophy and enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT, possible peritonsillar abscess formation

Extra-axial, dural-based mass with homogenous enhancement, often with a 'dural tail' on MRI

Homogenously enhancing mass on MRI at the cerebellopontine angle

Soft tissue masses in the sinonasal cavities, with a characteristic teardrop-shaped appearance on imaging

Acute: Diffusion restriction on MRI; Chronic: Cerebral atrophy and hypoattenuation on CT

Enlarged, hypoechoic halo around the temporal artery on ultrasound, non-compression sign

Calcified stone within a salivary gland or duct, hyperechoic foci on ultrasound with posterior acoustic shadowing

Bilateral symmetrical white matter edema, typically in the parieto-occipital regions on MRI

Well-defined hypoechoic lesion on ultrasound, may see calcifications or central vascularity

May see a circumscribed mass in the parotid region, often with heterogeneous enhancement

Intrasellar mass that may extend to the suprasellar cistern with homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement

Caudal displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum on MRI

Mixed lytic and sclerotic lesions in the mandible, may have a periosteal reaction and soft tissue swelling

Diffuse soft tissue swelling in the submandibular space with possible airway compromise

Normal imaging; diagnosis is clinical and based on the Dix-Hallpike maneuver