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Vascular Imaging Essentials

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Mesenteric Ischemia

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CT Angiography; Narrowing or occlusion of mesenteric vessels, bowel wall thickening, pneumatosis intestinalis

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Vascular Graft Patency

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Duplex Ultrasound; Demonstrates patency and flow within the graft, may show stenosis or occlusion

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Vasculitis

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Catheter Angiography, CT, or MR Angiography; Vessel wall thickening, luminal narrowing, occlusions and aneurysms in affected vessels

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Abdominal Aortic Dissection

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CT Angiography; Intimal flap separating true from false lumen, possible involvement of branch vessels

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Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

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MRI Angiography; Tangle of abnormal vessels, flow voids on T2-weighted imaging, enlarged feeding arteries and draining veins

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Subclavian Steal Syndrome

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Duplex Ultrasound or MRA; Reversed flow in the vertebral artery, stenosis or occlusion of subclavian artery before the vertebral takeoff

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Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

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Ultrasound; Noncompressible vein with echogenic thrombus

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Varicose Veins

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Ultrasound; Dilated, tortuous subcutaneous veins with incompetent valves

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May-Thurner Syndrome

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CT Venography or MR Venography; Compression of left common iliac vein by right common iliac artery, collateral venous formation

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Portal Hypertension

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Ultrasound with Doppler; Dilated portal vein >13 mm, portosystemic collaterals, slow or reversed portal venous flow

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Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

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CT Pulmonary Angiography; Filling defect in pulmonary artery, right heart strain

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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome)

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CT or MR Angiography; Multiple telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations, potential for GI bleeding and epistaxis

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Acute Limb Ischemia

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Arterial Duplex Ultrasound; Absence of blood flow in affected arteries, acute thrombus formation

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Aortic Aneurysm

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CT Angiography; Enlarged aorta with possible mural thrombus

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Renal Artery Stenosis

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Duplex Ultrasound; Increased peak systolic velocity at renal artery, tardus-parvus waveform in segmental arteries

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Venous Insufficiency

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Ultrasound; Incompetent venous valves, venous reflux, venous dilation

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Lymphedema

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Lymphoscintigraphy; Delayed or absent lymphatic transport, dermal backflow, collateral lymphatic channels

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Budd-Chiari Syndrome

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Ultrasound with Doppler; Hepatic vein obstruction, hepatomegaly, ascites

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Cerebral Aneurysm

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CT Angiography or MR Angiography; Outpouching of a cerebral artery, possible adjacent subarachnoid hemorrhage if ruptured

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Fibromuscular Dysplasia

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Catheter Angiography; Beads-on-a-string appearance in medium-sized arteries, arterial stenosis and aneurysm

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Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome

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MRI or MRA; Abnormal course or compression of the popliteal artery, potentially with post-stenotic dilatation

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Takayasu's Arteritis

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MR Angiography or PET-CT; Vessel wall thickening, stenosis or occlusion of large arteries, increased positron emission in walls of inflamed vessels

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Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

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Lower Extremity Arterial Doppler; Reduced or absent flow in the affected limb arteries

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Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

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CT Angiography or MR Angiography; Abnormal dilation of the thoracic aorta, potential mural thrombus or calcification

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Carotid Artery Stenosis

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Carotid Duplex Ultrasound; Reduced flow on Doppler, increased peak systolic velocity

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