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Radiology Positioning Terms
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Supine Position
The patient lies on their back with face upward. This position is used for most of the abdominal radiographs as it allows organs to be in the natural position.
Prone Position
The patient lies on their stomach with face down. This position is often used for imaging the spine and the back.
Lateral Position
The patient lies on their side. Lateral positions are used to demonstrate fluid levels or air pockets in the body, such as in the chest or abdomen.
Oblique Position
The patient lies on an angled surface where neither the stomach nor the back is entirely facing the detector. This position helps to visualize anatomy and pathology that are obscured in standard positions.
Fowler's Position
The patient's upper body is positioned at an angle between lying and sitting. This position is applied often for patients who have difficulty breathing.
Trendelenburg Position
The patient's body is laid flat on the back (supine) with the feet higher than the head by 15-30 degrees. It is used in pelvic surgeries and in emergency cases for shock patients to improve circulation.
Reverse Trendelenburg Position
The patient lies on their back with the head higher than the feet. This position is used during upper abdominal surgeries to move organs away from the pelvis.
Sims' Position
The patient is on their side halfway between lateral and prone positions with the lower arm behind the body and the upper thigh flexed. This position aids in rectal examinations and enemas.
Lithotomy Position
The patient lies on their back with their hips and knees flexed, thighs apart, and feet in stirrups. Commonly used for gynecological and urological procedures.
Jackknife Position
The patient lies on their stomach with the body bent at the waist, elevating the buttocks. This position is applied in procedures targeting the rectum and lower spine.
Decubitus Position (Right/Left)
The patient is lying down on either the right or left side. This position is important for demonstrating air-fluid levels or free air in the cavity, such as a pleural effusion in the chest.
Erect Position
The patient stands upright. An erect position is essential for certain chest or abdominal conditions, as it allows for the visualization of air-fluid levels as in the case of a pneumothorax.
Knee-Chest Position
Patient rests their body weight on the knees and chest. This position is applicable for sigmoidoscopy and is utilized in spinal anesthesia.
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Patient lies on their back with knees bent and feet flat on the bed. Used during digital rectal exams and as a means to start an abdominal exam due to its muscle relaxing properties.
Orthopneic Position
The patient is sitting up and bent forward with arms supported. This position helps patients with difficulty in breathing, especially those with emphysema.
Prone Jackknife Position
Similar to the Jackknife position, but the patient's body is prone, and the table is flexed at the hips. This position allows for surgery of the anus and the lower rectum.
Modified Standing Position
The patient stands leaning forward with hands or elbows on a support. Often used during thoracic spine X-rays to help open up intervertebral spaces.
Semi-Fowler's Position
The patient lies on their back with the head of the bed raised about 30 degrees. It is good for promoting lung expansion and preventing aspiration in patients unable to tolerate high Fowler's position.
High Fowler's Position
The back of the bed is raised 60-90 degrees and the knees may be slightly elevated. This position is utilized for patients with severe breathing problems or during feeding.
Rose Position
Patient is on their back with legs raised up and widely apart. This position is typically used for patients undergoing perineal surgery.
Lateral Recumbent Position
The patient is lying on their side, right or left, without bending. It allows for different visualization of abdominal contents and is helpful in thoracentesis procedures.
Dorsal Lithotomy Position
The dorsal lithotomy position is similar to the regular lithotomy position but with the legs only slightly abducted. Primarily used for genital and urinary tract surgeries.
Prone Pillow Position
The patient lies prone with a pillow placed under the pelvis. It helps in lumbar spine X-ray imaging by flattening the lumbar curvature.
Supine Pillow Position
The patient lies on their back with a pillow under the knees. This position is utilized to relax the abdominal muscles during the abdominal examination.
Sitting Position
The patient is seated upright on the edge of the examination table. This position is used for certain neurological examinations and when examining the upper body of a patient.
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