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Ultrasound Imaging Basics
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Pulse Control
Controls the electrical pulses that the transducer sends into the body.
Spectral Doppler
Used to visualize blood flow velocity over time in a graphical representation.
Transducer/Probe
Used to send and receive the ultrasound waves.
B-mode (Brightness Mode)
Displays the ultrasound information as dots of varying brightness, forming a 2D image.
Doppler Effect
The change in frequency or wavelength of the ultrasound waves as they reflect off moving objects, like blood.
Gel
Medium that helps in the transmission of ultrasound waves from the transducer to the body.
M-mode (Motion Mode)
Displays movement of structures over time, often used to measure cardiac structures.
Display Monitor
Displays the real-time images generated by the ultrasound machine.
Control Panel
Contains knobs, switches, and controls to adjust the ultrasound machine's settings.
Time Gain Compensation (TGC)
Adjusts the brightness of the image at different depths to compensate for attenuation.
Dynamic Range
The ratio between the largest and smallest signal strengths that the ultrasound machine can handle.
Acoustic Impedance
A property of tissue that affects how much ultrasound beam is reflected at boundaries.
Attenuation
Reduction in the intensity of the ultrasound beam as it travels through tissue.
Real-time Imaging
The ability of the ultrasound machine to generate immediate images during scanning.
Echogenicity
The ability of a tissue to produce echoes and reflect the ultrasound waves back to the transducer.
Frequency
The number of oscillations per second of the ultrasound wave, affecting image resolution and penetration.
Harmonic Imaging
Uses the non-linear propagation of ultrasound through tissue to enhance image quality.
Aliasing
Misrepresentation of Doppler velocities that occurs when the measured velocity exceeds the Nyquist limit of the pulse-wave Doppler.
Gain
Adjusts the amplification of the reflected ultrasound signals.
Anisotropy
Dependency of the echo intensity on the angle of the ultrasound beam in relation to the structure being imaged.
Isoechoic
Describes structures that produce a similar amount of echoes to the surrounding tissue, thus appearing similar in echogenicity.
Gray Scale
The range of brightness in the B-mode image representing the different intensities of echoes received.
Hyperechoic
Refers to structures that produce more echoes and appear brighter than surrounding tissues.
Pulsed-Wave Doppler
Uses pulses of ultrasound to measure the velocity of moving structures, such as blood, at a specific location.
Anechoic
Refers to a structure that does not produce echoes and appears black on the ultrasound image.
Hypoechoic
Refers to structures that produce fewer echoes and appear darker than surrounding tissues.
Continuous-Wave Doppler
Uses continuous ultrasound beams to measure the velocity of moving structures, like blood, throughout the beam path.
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